American Foreign Policy Chapter 9, Section 1 American Foreign Policy

Settling Disputes With Great Britain Unresolved issues from the War of 1812 Both the United States and British Canada wanted to keep their navy and fishing rights on the Great Lakes Rush-Bagot Agreement Limited naval power on the Great Lakes for both Great Britain and the United States Convention of 1818 Treaty between the United States and Great Britain that gave the United States fishing rights off parts of the Newfoundland and Labrador coasts Set border between the United States and Canada at 49ºN latitude as far west as the Rocky Mountains Agreed to occupy the Pacific Northwest together as both nations were interested in the profitable fur trade in Oregon

United States Gains Florida 1818 Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams (son of Patriot John Adams) held talks with Spanish diplomat Luis de Onis regarding a southern border dispute President James Monroe (elected in 1816) sent troops to secure the US/Spanish Florida border Troops led by General Andrew Jackson

United States Gains Florida Conflicts between the United States and Seminole Nation Seminole often helped runaway slaves and raided US Settlements General Andrew Jackson invaded Florida in spring of 1818 to capture Seminole raiders First Seminole War Andrew Jackson took over most of Spain’s important military posts in Florida and overthrew the governor Carried out these acts without orders from President James Monroe Upset Spanish leaders Supported by American people

United States Gains Florida Jackson’s presence in Florida convinced Spanish leaders to negotiate Adams-Onis Treaty Settled the border dispute between Spain and the United States Gave East Florida to the United States United States gave up claims to what is present day Texas United States agreed to pay up to $5 million in claims against Spain

Monroe Doctrine Spain’s Troubles By the 1820’s, most of Spain’s colonies in the Americas had declared their independence Simon Bolivar Independence leader The revolutions against Spain reminded many Americans of their own revolution and as a result, supported these struggles

Monroe Doctrine Mexican Independence in 1821 worried President James Monroe Fear of European rivals attempt to take control of newly independent Latin American nations Concerned with Russia interest in the northwest coast of the United States Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, shared President James Monroe’s concerns In an address to congress, John Quincy Adams stated that while the United States supports Latin American independence, it will not fight their battles

Monroe Doctrine Great Britain also wanted to keep European powers out of Latin America Britain had formed close trading ties with newly independent Latin American nations Great Britain wanted to issue a joint statement with the United States to warn the rest of Europe not to interfere in Latin America

Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine December 2, 1823 Instead of a joint statement, John Quincy Adams and President James Monroe put together a document protecting American interests Warned European powers not to interfere with the Americas 4 major points US would not interfere in the affairs of European Nations US would recognize and not interfere with pre-existing European colonies in North and South America Western Hemisphere off limits to European colonization Any attempt of western hemisphere colonization would be considered a hostile act

Monroe Doctrine Some Europeans strongly criticized the doctrine but few have ever challenged it The Monroe Doctrine has remained important to US foreign policy