1. Section 2 pg 219 Dealing with Other Nations
Chapter 6
Section 2 pg 219
Dealing with Other Nations

2. Pg 219
Relations w/ Spain
At the time of the War of 1812, the US and Haiti were the only parts of the Americas not under European control
Spain controlled more territory in the Americas than any other European country

3. Spain’s control in Florida was weak
Pg 219
Spain’s control in Florida was weak
Many enslaved African Americans who escaped from plantations in Georgia and Alabama crossed into Florida
Joined the Seminole Nation
Seminoles often crossed into the US and raided settlements
In 1817, the US gov’t sent Andrew Jackson to recapture those who had escaped slavery
He attacked and destroyed Seminole villages
He went beyond his orders: seized 2 important Spanish towns and forced the governor to flee Florida

4. Pg 219
Jackson’s attack showed that the US could take Florida whenever they wanted
In the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, Spain ceded (gave up) Florida to the US

5. Spanish Colonies Win Independence
Pg 220
Spanish Colonies Win Independence
By 1810, the people in the Spanish colonies began to oppose Spanish rule
Had been inspired by the American and French revolutions

6. Pg 220
Mexico Breaks Away
Mexico’s struggle for independence began in 1810
Father Miguel Hidalgo organized an army of NAs that freed several Mexican providences
In 1811, Hidalgo was captured and executed by Spanish troops

7. Revolution broke out in 1820 and this time the Spanish were unable to stop the fighting
In 1821, Spain agreed to give Mexico independence
At first they were ruled by a emperor
In 1823, the monarch was overthrown and a new constitution made Mexico a federal republic of 19 states and 4 territories
Pg 220

8. Independence for South and Central America
Pg 220
Independence for South and Central America
South America was also affected by revolutionary change
Best known leader for the struggle for independence in this area was Simon Bolivar (often called the Liberator)
In August 1819, he led an army on a
march from Venezuela over the
ice-capped Andes Mtns and into
Colombia
Defeated the Spanish and
became president of the Republic
of Great Columbia

9. In 1822, Brazil announced independence from Portugal
Pg 221
The ppl of Central America declared their independence from Spain in 1821
2 yrs later formed the United Provinces of Central America
In 1822, Brazil announced independence from Portugal
By 1825, most of Latin America was free of European rule

10. Pg 221
The Monroe Doctrine
Soon several European powers (including France and Russia) decided they might help Spain regain its colonies
President James Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, and Britain were worried this would hurt their trade with the new countries
In 1823, the British suggested the 2 countries act together to protect the freedoms of the new nations

11. Pg 221
Adams told Monroe he thought the US should act alone, otherwise we would look like Britain’s junior partners
Monroe agreed
In a message to Congress in Dec. 1823, the President stated what became known as the Monroe Doctrine
The US would not allow European nations to create American colonies or interfere w/ the free nations of Latin America and we would consider any attempt as “dangerous to our peace and safety”

12. Relations w/ Canada Pg 222 Canada remained a British
colony after the American Revolution
In 1791, the country was divided into 2 parts
Upper Canada was mainly English, and Lower Canada was mainly French
In 1837, there were rebellions against British rule in both parts of Canada

13. Pg 222
Although the British put down the rebellions, they decided to give Canadians more power of self-gov’t (the right of ppl to rule themselves independently)
The Act of Union of 1841 merged Canada’s 2 parts into one governed by a Canadian legislature, but Britain had ultimate control
Although tensions between Canada and the US were high during the War of 1812, the situation slowly improved after the war
Between 1818 and 1846, the US and British settled several border disputes regarding Canada