https://geographyas.info/rivers/river-landforms/ The Land Of Pakistan

HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE

TRANSPIRATION It is evaporation of water from plants. INFILTRATION The process by which water on the ground surface enter into the soil.

MOVEMENT OF WATER OCEAN CURRENTS Movement of large mass of water in ocean. WARM CURRENT Currents that are moving from equator to the other parts are warm current. COLD CURRENT Current that are moving towards the equator are cold currents

WARM CURRENTS=from hotter area to colder area COLD CURRENTS=from colder area to hotter area

RIVER RIVER BASIN: A river basin is the land that water flows across or under on its way to a river WATER SHED: Area of land that covers a particular river or lake in its surrounding. SOURCE: It is a point from where river starts flowing i.e glacier or lake or stream. CONFLUENCE: A point at which river meets its tributaries. TRIBUTARY: Streams of water that falls on river.

WORK OF A RIVER Work of river depends on the rate of flow of water (velocity) and the amount of water (volume) flowing through the streams. EROSION (Breaking up of particles) TRANSPORTATION (Movement of particles) DEPOSITION (Dropped down of eroded material)

EROSION HYDRAULIC ACTION (Water enters into the cracks between rocks and widens the cracks) CORRASION (Fragments of rock carried away by water become smoother and smaller by worn out) CORROSION (water mixed with carbon dioxide dissolve the rock particles by chemical action)

EROSION IN RIVER WATER

TRANSPORTATION SOLUTION (When dissolved minerals carried along by river, like limestone) SUSPENSION (when fine but insoluble particles are carried along by the river, like sand or clay) SALTATION (stones or pebbles around the river bed carried along by the river) TRACTION (transportation of heavy boulders)

TRANSPORTATIONAL PROCESS IN RIVER

DEPOSITION IN RIVER Deposition is the process of eroded material being dropped. It happens when energy of river water slows down i.e decrease in its volume or velocity

FEATURES FORMED BY EROSION AND DEPOSITION

WATERFALLS River flows over alternate bands of hard and soft rocks

WATERFALLS

Meandering

Meandering

LANDFORMS BY RIVER

LANDFORMS BY RIVER

FORMATION OF DELTA

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FORMATION OF DELTA DEPOSITION i.e decrease in volume and velocity of river water Rate of deposition is less than rate of erosion Flocculation of salt water, clay and minerals.

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