1. The Work of Streams Erosion – water causes loose particles to be moved through abrasion, grinding, or by dissolving soluble material. Sediment Transport – sediments are moved by the rivers and streams –In solution (dissolved load) –In suspension (suspended load) –Scooting or rolling along the bottom (bed load)

2. Dissolved Load Dissolved substances enter the streams and rivers through groundwater and nearby rocks. –The groundwater dissolves the rocks and soil around it  moves to the stream with dissolved material in it –Nearby rock sediments are dissolved and carried to the steams through runoff Streams supply a large amount of dissolved substances to the ocean.

3. Suspended Load Most common way of carrying sediments. –Small particles (sand, silt, and clay) are carried by the water towards the ocean. During floods, the amount of sediments and other materials carried in streams and rivers increase dramatically.

4. Bed Load Pebbles that are found on the bottom of the stream/river. –Too heavy to be suspended or dissolved into the water, but does move along the bottom when the water moves quickly. –Pebbles move on the bottom  erode away themselves and the channel  digs the river deeper into the ground Checkpoint – –How do streams transport sediments? –How do streams erode their channels?

5. Competence and Capacity A stream’s competence is measured by the velocity of the water. –Competence – the size of the particles that the stream can carry. –Velocity – the speed of the water. –Increases in velocity  increase in competence. Capacity – the maximum amount load it can carry and is determined by water volume. –Increase the amount of water  more particles carried. –Capacity is reached  sediments drop out of the water and settle on the bottom.

6. Deposition The settling of particles from the river is known as deposition. Structures that form due to deposition –Deltas –Natural Levees

7. Deltas An accumulation of sediment where a stream enters a lake or the ocean. –Water is close to the ocean  slows down  sediments are deposited –Sediments build up  cut off the path  finds another path where the land is lower –One main channel (tributary) divides into several smaller channels (distributaries).

8. Natural Levees Natural levee – landform that runs parallel to a stream. –Stream floods  water overflows the riverbank  water slows down –Water slows  sediments drop out of the water –Accumulation of sediments on the river bank increases the height of the bank  a levee Checkpoint – Explain the formation of one of the landforms that streams create by deposition.

9. Assignment Investigation - Rivers Shape the Land