Pure Substances and Mixtures

What is matter? Anything that contains mass AND volume Matter is made up of tiny particles How tiny? In a drop of water, there are ______ particles. 1 700 000 000 000 000 000 000 (seventeen hundred billion billion)??

Classification of Matter Pure Substances Mixtures Mechanical Mixture (heterogeneous) Solutions (homogeneous)

Where do pure substances come from?

Where do mixtures come from? When you have more than 1 pure substance mixed together.

2 types of Mixtures: Solutions and Mechanical Mixtures Solutions: looks and feels as if it is one substance. No matter where you look at it, it is exactly the same Homogeneous Mixture Mechanical Mixture: Two or more substances can be seen and felt. Different pieces may not be the same. Heterogeneous Mixture

More About Solutions One substance has mixed completely, or dissolved, into another. Solutions can be solid, liquid, or gas The substances that dissolve are called: Solutes The substances into which they dissolve are called: Solvent Example: sugar dissolved into water  sugar is the solute and water is the solvent

Questions from p.21 a) What is a pure substance? b) Give an example of a pure substance. 2. Identify the solute and the solvent in Kool-Aid. 3. Describe in your own words the difference between a mechanical mixture and a solution. (Use the terms homogeneous and heterogeneous) 4. Label each of the following as a solution or mechanical mixture: a) wood b) orange juice c) tap water d) loonie coin 5. Give an example of each of the following types of solutions: a) liquid in liquid b) solid in solid c) solid in liquid

Properties Properties are used to describe matter: Color Odor Luster - How shiny a substance is. Malleability - The ability of a substance to be beaten into thin sheets, or able to bend Ductility - The ability of a substance to be drawn into thin wires. Conductivity - The ability of a substance to allow the flow of energy or electricity. Hardness - How easily a substance can be scratched. Melting/Freezing Point - The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure. Boiling Point - The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the pressure on the liquid (generally atmospheric pressure). Density - The mass of a substance divided by its volume

The Particle Theory All matter is made up of tiny particles All pure substances have their own type of particle, which is different from another pure substance Particles are always moving When the temperature (energy) increases, the particles move faster There is always an attraction between particles.

Solids, Liquids and Gases

Solids, Liquids and Gases

Solids, Liquids and Gases

Solids, Liquids and Gases (with particle theory)

Solids, Liquids and Gases Solid Liquid Gas