1. Mixtures and Solutions
Solute and Solvent

2. Matter Homogeneous mixtures Pure substances Solution
Heterogeneous materials - can see two parts
Homogeneous materials can see only one thing - one set of properties
Mechanical Mixture
Homogeneous mixtures
They’re mixed together so well you only see one thing – it looks pure but it isn’t
Pure substances
You can only see one thing because there is only one kind of particle in it.
Solution

3. Review Solutions Are solutions homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Are solutions mixtures or pure substances?
Mixtures
What kind of states can a solution be?
Solid, liquid, or gas
What are the two “s” words that every solution must have?
A solute and a solvent

4. In a salt water solution…
Is salt the solute or the solvent?
Solute
Is water the solute or the solvent?
Solvent
What does the solute do?
Gets dissolved
What does the solvent do?
Does the dissolving

5. A Salt Water Solution
Solute (salt)
Solvent (water)

6. Factors Affecting How Fast a Solute Dissolves
Temperature
Stirring or Shaking
Crushing (Surface Area)
Pressure

7. 1. Temperature If we heat particles they will move faster
The solvent will carry the solute particles away faster

8. So…
Hotter = Dissolve Faster

9. 2. Stirring or Shaking
Stirring or shaking a solution moves the solute particles around so that they are closer to water particles
the water particles can then attract them easily and carry them away!

10. So…
Stir or Shake = Dissolve Faster

11. 3. Crushing (Surface Area)
When a sugar cube is broken into small pieces, the individual sugar particles can get closer to water particles
the water particles can then attract them easily and carry them away!

12. Dissolving happens on the surface of particles
When solute is broken up, there is more surface area where dissolving can occur
broken up

13. 4. Pressure
Pressure is used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in liquid pop
Pressure forces gas particles into the spaces between the liquid particles
gas

14. So…
More pressure = Dissolve Faster

15. Exteme Example of Pressure
Altitude Sickness and Nitrogen Narcosis (“The Bends”)