1. Chemistry Missing Info

2. Particle Theory  All Matter is made up of tiny particles.  Each pure substance has its own kind of particles.  Particles attract each other.  Particles are always moving.  Particles at a higher temperature move faster than particles at a lower temperature.

3. Chemical and Physical Properties  Physical Properties –Any property that can be observed or measured without forming a new substance is a physical property.  Colour, density, odour, taste, texture, malleability, ductility, state and hardness.

4. Chemical and Physical Properties  Chemical Property –Any property that describes how a substance reacts with another substance when forming a new substance.  Does it support burning.  Reacts with an acid.  Reacts with a basic solution.

5. States of Matter  Matter exists in four different states or phases: solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Major physical characteristics define each state.

6. Solid  The solid state of matter is when the material has a definite volume or size and distinct shape at a given temperature. A piece of iron at room temperature has a shape and size that does not change. Ice is another solid, but its temperature must be below 0o C (32o F).

7. Liquid  A liquid has a definite volume, but it takes the shape of its container with the help of gravity.  If you pour water into a cup or container, it will take the shape of that container. If you put water in a balloon, the water will take the shape of the balloon, no matter how you change the shape of the balloon.

8. Gas  The volume of a quantity of gas is dependent on its temperature and the surrounding pressure. If affected by gravity, it will take the shape of its container, but much of it will also spread out into the surrounding area.

9. Plasma  At extreme temperatures--such as on the Sun--matter can often lose all its electrons and become ionized. This matter, along with turbulence caused by the heat, results in a phase called a plasma.  There is dispute among some scientists whether a plasma is truly a state of matter or just an extension of a gas. Since this state is not commonly experienced, we will not say much about it.

10. Mixtures –Suspension  is a mechanical mixture that has small particles in it that are not easily identifiable. If left the particles will settle to the bottom of the container. Usually things that say to shake before using are suspensions.  Emulsifying agents can help to keep the parts of a suspension together to prevent them from separating. Pure milk needs emulsifiers in order to keep itself together. Homogenization is a process to separate the fat from milk.

11. Mixtures  Colloid –If the particles are to small then the process of gravity will not cause them to separate. –Colloids are heterogeneous but have a homogeneous appearance. –If a beam of light is shined through a colloid its beams would be scattered. This is called the Tyndall Effect.

12. Mixtures  Solution –Are homogeneous. The particles are to tiny to be seen. –The substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution is called a the solvent. –The solute is the substance that dissolves in the solvent. –An example of a solution would be salt water.