EXCLUDED FROM REFORM SEC PAGES Define: Discrimination – anti-semitism – mututalistos - barrio Identify: Gentlemen’s Agreement – KKK – Ida Wells – Booker T. Washington – Maggie Lena – W.E.B. DuBois

PREJUDICE & DISCRIMINATION Many Americans believed the US should remain a white, Protestant nation. Discrimination – unequal treatment because of race, religion, ethnic background, place of birth Riot in Springfield, Illinois – white woman claimed to be attacked by African American man. White mob destroyed African American businesses – lynching people. Whites never punished for crime – later white woman declared she had lied. Anti-Catholicism – feared Catholics – “power of pope” spread rumors they were taking over US Anti-Semitism – Jews had fled Europe to escape prejudice – same attitude here in US Anti-Asian – Americans believed Asians working for low wages took away their jobs.

Anti-Asian Policies Chinese Exclusion Act – 1882 – prevented Chinese immigrants entering US for 10 years – renewed Japanese encountered prejudice – 1906 – San Francisco, Calif – schools did not want to allow Japanese students to attend – Pres. Roosevelt helped Congress pass - “Gentlemen’s Agreement”- limited number of Japanese that could enter US – could attend public schools Calif. made it illegal for Japanese immigrants to buy land

Anti-African Americans Denied basic rights – treated like second class citizens – worked in low paying jobs – segregated 1896 “Plessy v Ferguson”– Supreme Court ruled “separate but equal” facilities allowed KKK lashed out at Catholics – Jews – immigrants as well as African Americans. People who lost jobs blamed African Americans – lynchings escalated

SUMMARIZE Vocab term - unequal treatment because of race, religion, ethnic background, place of birth What three groups were targets of unequal treatment? What laws were passed? Supreme Court case that continued “separate but equal “ in society. What other group was targeted that the above three?

Progressive Reformers Made up of middle and upper class people – improve lives of less fortunate Booker T. Washington – African American – started Tuskegee Institute – taught farming and industrial skills – believed if African Americans had better economic(money) power they could demand social equality and civil rights. Started National Negro Business League. Believed that African Americans needed education and skills to be valuable members of their community. Put up with racism until they accept

Progressive Reformers Marcus Garvey - Believed that African Americans would be better off in separate societies – “Back to Africa” – not popular – many born in US – would not move W.E.B. Dubois – educator – refused to accept racial inequality – helped form the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) – disagreed with Booker Washington. Believed right to vote was way to end racial inequality, stop lynchings – gain better schools. Ida Wells – African American woman – started national crusade to end lynchings – George Washington Carver – chemist – invented hundreds of ideas to use peanut – Maggie Lena – first African American woman to serve as bank president

Other Minorities Native Americans Society of American Indians – seek justice for Native Americans to improve living conditions Dr. Carlos Montezuma – activist who exposed government abuse of Native American rights Mexican Americans People crossed border to escape revolution and economic troubles in Mexico Formed mutualistas – self-defense associations to raise money for insurance and legal help Helped deal with overcrowding, poor sanitation, inadequate public services in barrios – Spanish speaking neighborhood in a city, especially in the Southwest

SUMMARIZE Person who started Tuskegee Institute teaching farming and industrial skills to African Americans. Person who believed if African Americans had better economic(money) power they could demand social equality and civil rights. Person who started “Back to Africa” idea – failed. Person who refused to accept racial inequality and believed right to vote was way to end racial inequality, stop lynchings – gain better schools. Woman who started national campaign to stop lynchings. Vocab - self-defense associations to raise money for insurance and legal help