Exercise 7 Axial Skeleton Portland Community College BI 231
Bone Landmarks All bones possess distinctive landmarks that are designed for specific functions. Review table 7.1
Axial Skeleton Skull Spine Thoracic Cage Hyoid bone
Frontal Bone Supraorbital ridge
Zygomatic Bone Temporal Process Zygomatic Arch
Maxilla Hard Palate
Facial Bones
Mandible Body Ramus Coronoid Process Mandibular Condyle Angle Mental Foramen Alveolar Process
Facial Bones Perpendicular Plate (Ethmoid) Middle Nasal Conchae (Ethmoid) Inferior Nasal Conchae Vomer
Ethmoid Bone Perpendicular Plate Middle Nasal Conchae
Ethmoid Bone Cribriform Plate Perpendicular Plate Cristae Galli
Ethmoid Bone Crista Galli Perpendicular Plate
Orbit
Coronal Suture Between the Parietal bones and the Frontal Bone Parietal Bone Frontal Bone Temporal Bone Occipital Bone
Squamous Suture Between the Parietal bone and the Temporal Bone Parietal Bone Frontal Bone Temporal Bone Occipital Bone
Lambdoid Suture Between the Parietal bones and the Occipital Bone Parietal Bone Frontal Bone Temporal Bone Occipital Bone
Temporal Bone Mastoid Process Zygomatic Arch Mandibular fossa External Acoustic Meatus Styloid Process
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
Parietal Bone
Sagittal Suture Parietal Bone (Right) Parietal Bone (Left) Frontal Bone Occipital Bone Between the Right and Left Parietal bones
Occipital Bone External occipital protuberance Occipital Condyles Foramen Magnum
Palatine Bone Vomer
Temporal Bone Jugular Foramen Carotid Canal
Sphenoid Bone Sphenoidal Sinus Pterygoid Process
Cranium Floor Anterior Cranial Fossa Middle Cranial Fossa Posterior Cranial Fossa
Frontal Bone Frontal Sinus
Parietal Bone
Temporal Bone
Mandible Mylohyoid Line Mandibular Foramen
Sphenoid Bone Greater Wing Lesser Wing Sella Turcica
Sphenoid Bone Hypophyseal Fossa Dorsum Sella
Sphenoid Bone Lesser Wing Greater Wing Pterygoid Process Medial Pterygoid Plate Lateral Pterygoid Plate
Sinuses Frontal Ethmoid Air Cells Maxillary Sphenoidal
Fetal Skull Superior View
Fetal Skull
Wormian (Sutural) Bones Small islands of bone that fill gaps in sutures. Present in varying amounts
Cervical Spine 7 Vertebra C1-C7 Concave Posterior
Thoracic Spine 12 Vertebra T1-T12 Convex Posterior Attach to the ribs
Lumbar Spine 5 Vertebra L1-L5 Concave Posterior
Sacral Spine 5 Fused Vertebra “Sacrum”
Coccyx 4 Fused Vertebra
Sacrum 5 Fused Vertebrae
Sacrum Sacral Foramina
Sacrum Sacral Promontory
Typical structure of vertebra
Intervertebral Foraminae
Intervertebral Disk
Annulus Fibrosus (Fibrocartilage)
Nucleus Pulposus
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) BODY Vertebral Foramen
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) Transverse Processes Transverse Foramen
Cervical Vertebrae C1: Atlas Superior Articular Facet
Cervical Vertebrae C2: Axis Odontoid Process (Dens)
Cervical Vertebrae C1 & C2 Joined Together
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) Bifid Spinous Process
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) Superior Articular Facet Superior Articular Process
Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) Vertebral Arch
Thoracic Vertebrae Spinous Process
Thoracic Vertebrae Costal Facets on the Transverse Process (for rib attachment)
Lumbar Vertebrae BODY
Sacroiliac Joints
Coccyx 4 Rudimentary Vertebrae
Hyoid Bone Greater Horn Lesser Horn BODY
Sternum Manubrium Body Xiphoid Process Sternal Angle
Ribs 1-7: True Ribs
Ribs 8-10: False Ribs
Ribs 11 & 12: Floating Ribs
Costovertebral Angle
Ribs
Ribs Attached to Thoracic Vertebrae
The End