Chinese Conflict and Confusion When we left China, how was it doing?  Opium War  Taiping Rebellion  Boxer Rebellion  Open Door Policy

A. FALL OF IMPERIAL CHINA 1.China’s last emperor forced out of power on Sun Yixian and Revolutionary Alliance plan to take over 3.Problem - warlords

WARLORDS a.Regional generals with private armies b.De-centralize power c.Prevented Sun from unifying China

CLEAR IT UP! WATCH THE HIGHLY EDUCATIONAL VIDEO CLIP FROM NBC STUDIOS TO MORE FULLY UNDERSTAND WHAT A WARLORD IS.

AFTER THE FALL Sun elected President of the Republic of China – army refuses to support him 5.Yuan Shikai (powerful general) takes command, reorganizes a.Becomes a military dictator b.Revolts break out, peasants suffer Yuan Shikai

YUAN A REVOLUTION? – China declares war on Germany (too late) a.Versailles – Japan gets German Asian colonies b.Reaction of the Chinese people?

2. MAY FOURTH MOVEMENT a.May 4, Major demonstrations across China b.People demanded self-rule for China c.Many turn to Communism (have a model) d.Sun back in power in early 1920s, but dies 1925

CONFLICT NATIONALISTSCOMMUNISTS Jiang JieshiMao Zedong

CIVIL WAR NATIONALISTSCOMMUNISTS Jiang JieshiMao Zedong – Full out civil war a. Mao recruits peasants to join his Red Army b. Trains in guerilla warfare – Jiang gathers an army of 700,000 men to attack a. outnumbered Mao’s forces 6-1

CIVIL WAR NATIONALISTSCOMMUNISTS Jiang JieshiMao Zedong – Communist forces flee on Long March a.6,000 mile march b.100,000 begin the march c.Only 10-30,000 survive d.Survivors settle into caves

CIVIL WAR NATIONALISTSCOMMUNISTS Jiang JieshiMao Zedong

CIVIL WAR NATIONALISTSCOMMUNISTS Jiang JieshiMao Zedong 1937 – Japan invades China Interrupts the civil war – bigger enemy is here

Sun Yixian (Sun Yee-Shuan)Yuan Shikai (She-kai) Jiang Jieshi (Jee-She)Mao Zedong (Zay-dong)

British India Gains Independence Impact of Gandhi’s Satyagraha

A. Nationalism In India 1. Nationalism led by wealthy, educated Indians a.Indian National Congress (Hindus) b.Muslim League (Muslims) c.Unified to fight off British under the leadership of Gandhi

Mohandas Gandhi 1.Teachings blended Hindu, Islam & Christianity 2. “Mahatma” – Great Soul 3. Satyagraha: preached civil disobedience; not violence a.1920: convinced Indian Nat’l Congress to adopt Satyagraha b.Boycott: GB goods, schools, cloth c.Economic disaster for GB WHAT DOES CHURCHILL THINK???

The violence begins… WORLD WAR I GB backs off promise of self-rule for India’s help in WWI Creation of the Rowlatt Act ROWLATT ACT 1919: Indians protest against remaining 2 nd class citizens GB passes act that jails all protestors w/o trial; 2 years AMRISTAR MASSACRE April 1919: Peaceful Indian protest against Rowlatt Act turns violent; over 10,000 Indians gathered; GB scared GB opens fire on crowd; killing 400+ Indians

Amristar Massacre

Gandhi’s impact… SATYAGRAHA 1920: Gandhi convinces INC to adopt no violence against GB Boycotts hurt GB economic profit SALT MARCH 1930: Gandhi led 240 mile march to sea to harvest salt Demonstrations at GB Salt Works cause brutal beatings from GB ; world was watching  int’l support SELF-RULE GB granted self-rule in India 1935: Government of India Act- local self-gov’t & limited democratic elections Muslims and Hindus can’t agree…problems yet to come

Salt March