1. Imperial China Collapses Ch. 14.3
After the fall of the Qing dynasty, nationalist and Communist movements struggle for power.
Opium Wars

2. The Qing Dynasty last ruling dynasty of China from 1644 to 1912
Chinese Dynasties date back 4,000 years
The following is a list of Chinese Dynasties:
Xia Dynasty About 1994 BCE BCE
Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE BCE
Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE plus suppliment
Qin Dynasty 221 BCE BCE
Early Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 9 AD
Xin Dynasty 9 AD - 24 AD
Later Han Dynasty 25 AD AD
Three Kingdoms - Period of Disunion 220 AD AD
Sui Dynasty 589 AD AD
Tang Dynasty 618 AD AD
Sung Dynasty 969 AD AD
Yuan Dyansty 1279 AD AD
Ming Dynasty 1368 AD AD
Manchu or Qing Dynasty 1644 AD AD

3. Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty
A New Power
In the early 1900s (20th century), many Chinese wanted change in China.
- They resented foreign nations control of China (Imperialists)
- Many Chinese wanted to modernize China
Kuomintang—Nationalist Party of China—calls for modernization & an end to foreign control
Sun Yixian—first great leader of Nationalist Party
In 1911, Sun Yixian led the Nationalists & overthrow Qing dynasty

4. Shaky Start for the New Republic
In 1912, Sun takes control as president
Backs three principles: nationalism 2. democracy economic security
Sun did not have the backing of the military, so Sun turns the presidency over to Yuan Shikai
Yuan Shikai betrays to democratic ideals of the revolution.
No national agreement on rule; civil war breaks out in 1916
Warlords take control of territories as large as their armies could conquer

5. Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty
World War I Spells More Problems
China enters war against Germany hoping to gain land held by Germans
Treaty of Versailles gives German colonies in China to Japan
On May 4, 1919, angry students protest this agreement
May Fourth Movement—nationalist movement that spreads across China
Many young nationalists turn against Sun Yixian

6. The Communist Party in China
Rise of a New Leader
Mao Zedong—helps form Chinese Communist Party in 1921
Lenin Befriends China
In 1923, Lenin helps Nationalists, who agree to work with Communists
Peasants Align with the Communists
Jiang Jieshi (Chang Kai Shek)—Nationalist leader (Kuomintang) after Sun dies—opposes communism
Peasants see no gain for them in Jiang’s plans, they back Communists

7. The Communist Party in China
Nationalists and Communists Clash
In 1927, Nationalists kill Communists, unionists in Shanghai
In 1928, Jiang becomes president; Communists resist his rule
Civil War Rages in China between _________?
Hostility Becomes War
By 1930, civil war rages; Mao recruits a peasant, guerrilla army

8. Civil War Rages in China
The Long March
In 1933, Jiang’s huge army surrounds outnumbered Communists
Long March—Communists’ 6,000-mile journey to safety in north
Of 100,000 Communists, 7,000 or 8,000 survive the march, including Mao
Civil War Suspended
Seeing chaos in China, Japan launches all-out invasion in 1937
Nationalists and Communists join together to fight Japan
*footnote: after WWII (1945), Communists and Nationalists resume their fighting.
- In 1949, China becomes a Communist nation

9. The Communists Transform China
Communists Claim a New “Mandate of Heaven”
Chinese Communists organize national government and Communist Party
Mao’s Brand of Marxist Socialism
Mao takes property from landowners and divides it among peasants
Government seizes private companies and plans production increase
“Little Red Book” was published by the Government of the People’s Republic of China from April 1964 until approximately As its title implies, it is a collection of quotations excerpted from Mao’s past speeches and publications