The Enlightenment: Rousseau & Beccaria

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The Enlightenment: Rousseau & Beccaria

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The Enlightenment: Rousseau & Beccaria How do Rousseau & Beccaria influence western democracy?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778, from France Believed in indiv. choices, voting, majority rules Wrote The Social Contract Influences: Majority rules voting Rousseau believed that the only good form of govt was one that was freely formed by the people & guided by the will of the majority To have this type of system, people may have to give up some freedom for the good of all of the people but minority have rights! The agreement is known as the “Social Contract” Ideas help start the French Revolution Do you agree with Rousseau’s idea of majority rules? Why/Why not?

Cesare Beccaria 1738-1794, born in Italian States Believed in a good system of justice Wrote Crimes & Punishment Influences Judicial Review & US BOR “legal rights” Beccaria believed that we have laws/punishments to keep order not to avenge crimes Punishment should be based on the seriousness of the crime His famous quote was “the punishment should fit the crime” However, Beccaria believed that cruelty/torture should never be used He was against capital punishment (death penalty) Believes people are entitled to a fair & speedy trial Judicial branches job to review laws against the constitution Question: Do you agree with Beccaria’s idea of the punishment should fit the crime? Why/why not?