Muslim Empires Chapter 20. Ottoman Empire 1300s-1923 Started with semi-nomadic Turks who migrated to northwest Anatolia in the 1200s Replaced the Mongols.

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Presentation transcript:

Muslim Empires Chapter 20

Ottoman Empire 1300s-1923 Started with semi-nomadic Turks who migrated to northwest Anatolia in the 1200s Replaced the Mongols as their power declined

Ottoman Empire 1300s-1923 Gunpowder Janissaries 1453 captured Constantinople Allowed Christians & Jews to worship— tolerant Navy until 1571 loss to Venetians & Spanish—Battle of Lepanto

Ottoman Empire 1300s-1923 Mehmed

Ottoman Empire Selim I 1512 Claimed that he was the rightful heir to the Islamic tradition of Arab caliphs

Ottoman Empire 1300s-1923 Suleyman the Magnificent Patron of the arts  Golden Age Pushed into Europe and laid siege on Vienna

Ottoman Empire 1300s-1923 Absolute monarchy, but later removed himself and ruled through a vizier Islamic religious scholars & legal experts served administrative functions Still a major problem is succession

Ottoman Empire 1300s-1923 Constantinople  Istanbul Hagia Sophia  mosque Aqueducts, marketplace, rest houses, religious schools and hospitals Large merchant and artisan class Commercial exchanges and handicraft production is closely regulated by government

Ottoman Empire 1300s-1923 Harem was influential in politics and society Female relatives and concubines resided in the harem Gained status when had sons Eunuchs guarded the harem were of slave origin and were trained and educated Enslavement of Muslims is forbidden Sultan’s mom is the queen mother

Ottoman Empire 1300s-1923 Peaked in mid-1600s Became too large to maintain Plagued by corruption & inflation Successors to the throne often lived sheltered lives and were unequipped to rule European military and naval technology outpaced the Ottomans

Mughal India 1523-mid1700s History of decentralized regional kingdoms Babur, Turkic nomad, began his conquest of India in 1526 Akbar, his son, continued this quest

Mughal India 1523-mid 1700s Akbar Wanted to unify the empire—1 ST time Patronized the arts Interested in religious discussion –Policy of cooperation with Hindu rulers & encouraged intermarriage  mixed geographically –Abolished the jizya (non-Muslim tax) –Promoted Hindus to high-ranking govt jobs

Mughal India Akbar Tried to improve the position of women by trying to eliminate sati

Mughal India 1523-mid 1700s Architecture –Blended Persian, Hindu ornamentation and Islamic domes, arches and minarets

Mughal India 1523 to mid 1700s Aurangzeb Pushed to extend Muslim control to all of India –Brought back the non-Muslim tax Sought to purify India’s Islam—1700s begin to persecute Hindus His many wars drained the treasury Peasant uprisings Revolts by Muslims and Hindus Weak Hindu princes

Mughal India 1523-mid 1700s Weak India, allowed European traders in search of cotton to increase their influence Portugal ad the port city of Goa and sent missionaries 1661 British East India Company controlled trade in Bombay British East Co founded Calcutta Mughals were annoyed, but allowed trade