Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Lesson Overview Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078802849/student_view0/unit2/chapter8/concepts_in_motion.html#

Overview of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration - process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen; breaks down sugar to make energy (ATP)

Overview of Cellular Respiration If oxygen is present, organisms can break down food to make energy The summary of cellular respiration is presented below. ________ + _________ → ________ + ________ + ________ **** Equation look familiar???

Stages of Cellular Respiration The three main stages of cellular respiration are: 1. glycolysis (no O2 required) 2. Krebs cycle 3. electron transport chain (ETC)

GLYCOLYSIS – 1st stage of C.R. Takes place with or without oxygen Glycolysis produces ONLY 2 ATP! 2 NADH molecules are produced GLUCOSE changes into PYRUVIC ACID (which is used in Krebs cycle) Takes place in the cytoplasm

ENERGY Production in GLYCOLYSIS NADH carries electrons to the ETC, where they can be converted to ATP For every 1 NADH, 3 ATP are made

The Advantages of Glycolysis Glycolysis produces ATP very fast Glycolysis does not require oxygen http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/biology.html

GLYCOLYSIS

2nd Stage of Cellular Respiration – KREBS CYCLE (Citric Acid Cycle) Pyruvic acid changes into acetyl coA (2-C molecule) Citric Acid is starting compound of cycle Products of cycle are ATP, NADH, and FADH2 (and CO2, which gets released) Takes place in mitochondrial matrix (fluid of mitochondria)

KREBS CYCLE TOTALS For each glucose molecule that enters, the cycle goes through twice 6 CO2 2 ATP 8 NADH 2 FADH2 1. CO2 released 2. ATP used as energy 3. NADH/FADH2 go to ETC to get converted into ATP

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN The electron transport chain produces a lot of ATP Chemiosmosis, like in the _______________________ of photosynthesis, creates the ATP Takes place in the mitochondrial membrane

Electron Transport NADH and FADH2 pass their high-energy electrons to electron carrier proteins in the electron transport chain Creates a H+ gradient to produce ATP using ATP synthase (enzyme used to make ATP) http://www.wwnorton.com/college/biology/discoverbio3/core/content/index/animations.asp

Electron Transport CONVERSION: For each 1 NADH, 3 ATP are made; for each 1 FADH2, 2 ATP are made

ENERGY TOTALS FOR AEROBIC RESPIRATION GLYCOLYSIS (Cytosol) 2 ATP 2 NADH KREBS CYCLE (Matrix) TOTAL ATP PRODUCTION IN RESPIRATION = 2 ATP 36-38 ATP 8 NADH 2 FADH2 ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (Inner Membrane) 10 NADH = 30 ATP 2FADH2 = 4 ATP

QUICK REVIEW OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION GLYCOLYSIS KREBS CYCLE ETC LOCATION STARTING REACTANTS ENDING PRODUCTS # OF ATP PRODUCED OXYGEN REQUIRED??

FERMENTATION – NO OXYGEN REQUIRED The Krebs cycle and ETC are both aerobic (requires oxygen) processes. Glycolysis is an anaerobic (does not require oxygen) process. **Fermentation – both regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis; not part of “respiration” 1. Alcoholic – CO2 and alcohol; plants, yeast 2. Lactic Acid – lactic acid; animals

Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? ?