1. Cellular Respiration

2. Overview of Cellular Respiration
the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
This is an aerobic process, meaning that it requires oxygen
Referred to as a metabolic pathway
Metabolism: a cell’s chemical process
It occurs in the Mitochondria

3. Overall Chemical Equation
6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Or
Oxygen + glucose  carbon dioxide + water + energy

4. Structure of Mitochondria
They are found in almost all eukaryotic cells.
It consists of two membranes, with a space between the inner and outer membranes.
The highly folded inner membrane encloses a thick fluid called the matrix.
Many enzymes and proteins are built into the membrane to allow for ATP production.
The complex folding pattern allows for many sites where cellular respiration can occur.

5. There are three process that make up cellular respiration in the presence of Oxygen.
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
If it occurred all at once all the energy would be released at once, and most would be lost as heat and light. So it put into steps to release the energy in smaller amounts.

6. Cellular Respiration – use pg 222
Cytoplasm

7. Glycolysis – “splitting of sugar”
The process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3- carbon compound.
First step of Cellular Respiration
Releases only a small amount of energy.
The presence of oxygen determines which pathway is taken to release the energy
Occurs in the cytoplasm

8. 1. The Process of Glycolysis
Glucose
Remember this is the
energy of the cell!
2 ATP
2 ADP
Electron Carrier
2 Pyruvic Acids
2 NAD+
4 ADP
Uses Oxygen
2 NADH
4 ATP
2 Pyruvic Acids
Aerobic Respiration
Doesn’t use Oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration

9. Summary of Glycolysis
The original glucose molecule has been converted to two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Two ATP’s have been spent
And Four ATP’s have been produced and two NADPH

10. 2.The Krebs Cycle Also known as the citric acid cycle
Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
Pyruvic acid produced from glycolysis is used to make a two carbon compound known as acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl CoA.
Acetyl CoA enters the cycle to produvce
Carbon dioxide
NADH
ATP
FADH2

11. Summary of the Krebs Cycle
2 ATP are produced
NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the electron transport chain to make more energy
CO2 is released from the cell

12. 3. Electron Transport Chain with ATP Synthase Action
The ETC used high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP to ATP.
Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and is composed of a series of carrier proteins.
Water is produced and released at the end of the ETC.
34 ATP are produced in the end

14. The Totals
Grand Total

15. Cellular Respiration without Oxygen
Fermentation is the process of releasing energy from food by producing ATP without Oxygen (anaerobic).
Occurs after Glycolysis
Two types
Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation

16. Alcoholic Fermentation
Yeast and few other microorganisms
Produces ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide gas as wastes.
Alcoholic Fermentation

17. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Occurs in humans and other eukaryotes
Muscle cramps are caused by a build up of lactic acid
When you exercise vigorously, the large muscles run out of oxygen quickly.
Your muscles quickly produce ATP using lactic acid fermentation.
Lactic acid builds up which causes your muscles to ache.