1. Thinking Question #1 How do we convert food into energy for the cell?

2. Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration: the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen Basically: FOOD  ENERGY (ATP) Overall Equation: 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy oxygen + glucose food)  carbon dioxide + water +ATP

3. Thinking Question #2 A.Do plants & animals both carry out cellular respiration? B.Where do you think this process occurs within a cell?

4. Cellular Respiration: Two Stages Stage 1: Glycolysis: -Breaking down of Glucose - Occurs in the cytoplasm - No oxygen needed Stage 2: Aerobic Respiration: -Production of ATP -Occurs in mitochondria -Needs oxygen -Two sets of reactions: 1. Krebs cycle 2. Electron Transport chain

5. Glycolysis (Sugar Breaking) Occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell 6 carbon glucose is broken down into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules 2 ATP molecules are used to break down the glucose 4 ATP molecules are produced as a result of breaking down the glucose Net Gain of ATP for Glycolysis: 2ATP 2 NADH high energy carrier molecule (taxi) produced http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/co ntent/cellularrespiration.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/co ntent/cellularrespiration.html

6. Glycolysis

7. GLYCOLYSIS—no oxygen, anaerobic LET’S LABEL TOGETHER

8. Concept Check: LOCATION OF GLYCOLYSIS MATERIAL USED MATERIAL PRODUCED

9. Stage 2: Aerobic Respiration/ATP Production Overview: MUST HAVE OXYGEN Starts with pyruvic acid from glycolysis Will produce 34-36 more ATPs Takes place in the mitochondria 1 St set of reactions (Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle) occur in the mitochondrial matrix 2 nd set of reactions (Electron Transport Chain) occur within the inner mitochondrial membrane.

10. Takes place in the Mitochondria *First set of reactions in matrix *Second set of reactions in inner mitochondrial membranes *First set of reactions in matrix *Second set of reactions in inner mitochondrial membranes LABEL THE PORTION OF THE MITOCHONDRION WHERE THE KREBS/CITRIC ACID CYCLE TAKES PLACE LABEL THE PORTION OF THE MITOCHONDRION WHERE THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN OCCURS

11. Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle: 1 st Set of Reactions Aerobic Respiration Pyruvic acid (pyruvate) travels from cytoplasm to mitochondria and reacts with Coenzyme A to form Acetyl CoA. Carbon dioxide is released. Acetyl CoA is a 2 carbon compound that enters into the mitochondria and begins the Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Acetyl-CoA (Acetic Acid) becomes part of a 6 carbon chain (citric acid) and then breaks down in the cycle into carbon dioxide (waste product we breath out). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCypoN3X7KQ&featur e=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCypoN3X7KQ&featur e=related

12. Krebs Cycle/Citric acid Cycle Cont. As the citric acid is being broken down during the Krebs cycle, high energy energy electrons are released and transferred to electron acceptor molecules (NAD+ and FAD) NAD+  NADH and FAD  FADH 2 2 ATP Molecules Produced At the end of the Krebs cycle these electron acceptors now contain the energy that was once stored in glucose and pyruvate. LOW ENERGY HIGH ENERGY NAD+  NADH FAD  FADH 2 ADP  ATP

13. Krebs Cycle Overview: Let’s Label Together

14. Concept Check Thinking Question #3 So what is the point of the Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle? Concept Check

15. Take Home Point for Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle Krebs cycle ultimately pulls out the energy in pyruvate. This energy is then carried as high-energy electrons by the “electron shuttles/taxis” NADH and FADH 2

16. Video http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/c ontent/cellularrespiration.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/c ontent/cellularrespiration.html Eye of the Tiger:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btPJPFnesV4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btPJPFnesV4

17. Concept Check: LOCATION OF KREBS CYCLE/CITRI C ACID CYCLE MATERIAL USED MATERIAL PRODUCED

18. Electron Transport Chain: 2 nd Set of Reactions in Aerobic Respiration The “electron shuttles/taxis” NADH and FADH 2 from the Krebs Cycle carry the electrons to the inner part of the mitochondrial membrane Here the electrons are passed through a series of electron transport enzymes (passing of a basketball from one player to the next) Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the chain

19. Thinking Question #4 So why do we really need to breathe in oxygen?

20. Electron Transport Chain Cont.: ATP Production So where does the ATP come from? As the electrons are being passed down the chain Hydrogen ions (H+) are being pumped out of the inner mitochondria H+ ions begin to accumulate on the outside of the membrane creating a concentration gradient Hydrogen ions (H+) diffuse back through the membrane (High-Low) through a carrier protein which converts ADP to ATP At end of transport chain Hydrogen (H+) ions,spent electrons and O 2 combine to form water. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Idy2XAlZIVA&fea ture=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Idy2XAlZIVA&fea ture=related

21. Electron Transport Chain: Let’s Label Together

22. Concept Check Thinking Question #5 In your own words explain the overall point or purpose of the electron transport chain.

23. Electron Transport Chain Using the energy stored in NADH and FADH 2 to create a concentration gradient that ultimately makes ATP for the cell

24. Cellular Respiration End result 1 Glucose  36 ATP molecules

25. Thinking Question #6 If cellular respiration requires oxygen to occur, what happens if oxygen is missing from the equation?

26. Fermentation Without oxygen fermentation occurs. In plants and yeast: Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. In animals: Pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid Only the ATP from glycolysis is produced (2ATP) Once glucose runs out fermentation stops

27. Next step: Let’s Label Together Energy Pain

28. A review

29. Summary of Cellular Respiration GlycolysisKrebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain Location Presence or Absence of Oxygen What is Produced As a result of Reaction

30. Summary of Aerobic Respiration GlycolysisKrebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain LocationCytoplasmMitochondrial Matrix Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Presence or Absence of Oxygen Anaerobic (no oxygen) Oxygen Present What is Produced As a result of Reaction Pyruvate Net Gain of 2ATP molecules 2NADH Carbon Dioxide High energy Carriers NADH FADH 2 2ATP 32 Molecules of ATP Water

31. Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are almost opposite processes Let’s compare them:

32. PHOTOSYNTHESISCELLULAR RESPIRATION Function Location Reactants Products Equation See If You Can Fill In The Chart

33. PHOTOSYNTHESISCELLULAR RESPIRATION Function Energy Storage (Make Food) Energy Release (Break down food into energy) Location ChloroplastsCytoplasm/Mitochond ria Reactants CO 2 and H 2 O SunlightC 6 H 12 O 6 and O 2 Products C 6 H 12 O 6 and O 2 CO 2 and H 2 O & ATP Equation 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Sunlight  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP

34. Let’s Review http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh2P5CmCC0M&fea ture=plcp http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh2P5CmCC0M&fea ture=plcp http://www.quia.com/rr/216170.html (Millionaire Game) http://www.quia.com/rr/216170.html