1. CH7: Cellular Respiration pg 131

2. Cellular Respiration
All living organisms go through cellular respiration.
Series of chemical reactions to make ATP from glucose
Equation for Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + pigment + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2
Equation for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY (ATP)

3. There are 2 scenarios Anaerobic Aerobic (with oxygen)
Anaerobic (without oxygen)
Anaerobic
Glycolysis (only method for some prokaryotes)
Occurs in cytoplasm
Fermentation allows for this process to keep going
2 ATPs are made

4. Aerobic Respiration Occurs in the mitochondria Kreb’s cycle
Electron Transport Chain

5. Glycolysis
Series of chemical reactions that take place in the cytoplasm and does not need oxygen to work.
In glycolysis, enzymes break down one of glucose into two pyruvate/pyruvic acid molecules.
*Glue glycolysis illustration into notes

6. Glycolysis

7. Glycolysis, pg 133 Step 1, Breaking Down Glucose
Glucose is converted back into 2 - G3P (3 carbon molecule).

8. Glycolysis Step 2 and Step 3, NADH and Pyruvate
Each of the G3P go through a series of chemical reactions
Converted into Pyruvate (pyruvic acid)
2 molecules NADH are created
Important because NADH are Hydrogen ion/proton and e- carriers

9. Glycolysis Glycolysis produces 2 ATP
without O2 it also produces 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvates

10. Fermentation (anaerobic process) pg 134
To make ATP during glycolysis, NAD+ is converted to NADH.
Organisms must recycle NAD+ to continue making ATP through glycolysis.
The process in which carbohydrates are broken down in the absence of oxygen is called fermentation.
Beneficial because it allows glycolysis to continue supplying a cell with ATP in anaerobic conditions.

11. Pathway
Reaction
Lactic Acid Fermentation
PYRUVIC ACID + NADH LACTIC ACID + NAD+
*occurs in muscle cells for short term energy production, also used in the
production of foods ex. yogurt, Kim chi, sauerkraut
Alcoholic
Fermentation
PYRUVIC ACID + NADH  ALCOHOL+ CO2 + NAD+
*occurs in yeast cells and is used in the production of beer, wine and
bread

12. Two Types of Fermentation

13. Cellular Respiration illustration

14. Aerobic Respiration 1st stage is the Krebs cycle
a series of reactions that produce electron carriers
(NADH and FADH2)
2nd stage electron transport chain takes place in the inner membranes of mitochondria
ATP synthase are located here
Up to 36 ATP molecules can be produced from one glucose molecule in aerobic respiration.

15. Kreb’s Cycle
Pyruvate (from glycolysis) is broken down and combined with other carbon compounds creating CoA.
Releasing CO2
2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2

17. Electron Transport Chain
Takes place in the inner membranes of mitochondria
ATP synthase are located here
NADH and FADH2 from the Krebs cycle
transfer energy in the form of e- and H+ into the electron transport chain.
e- are used to pump the H+ across the membrane to create a concentration gradient

18. Electron Transport Chain
ATP Production
Hydrogen ions diffuse through ATP synthase, providing energy to produce several ATP molecules from ADP.

20. The Role of Oxygen At the end of ETC If oxygen is not present,
the e- combines with an oxygen atom and two hydrogen ions to form two water molecules.
If oxygen is not present,
the electron transport chain stops, because hydrogen has no where to go.
the electron carriers are not recycled, so the Krebs cycle also stops

21. Summary Cellular Respiration Reactants Products Location Gycolysis
Glucose, 2 ATP
2 Pyruvates, 2NADH,
4 (2) ATP
Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle
2 AcetylCoA (CoA)
CO2, 6NADH, 2FADH2 ,2ATP
Matrix of Mitochondria
ETC
6 NADH, 2FADH2, O2
34 ATP, H2O, 6NAD, 2FAD
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane