Pre-Industrial Society Farming & Cottage Industry –Inefficient land use –Not enough food to feed population –Products made in cottages Merchants supplied materials (wool/cotton) Took supplies from cottage to cottage Sell final product in towns

Cottage Industry

Cottage Industry Example: Textiles What do you think are some problems with the cottage industry?

Agricultural Revolution –New methods of farming = more food with less workers –Population grows (why?) –Peasants lose jobs (why?) Changes to Production…

Increased Demand for textiles (why?) –Agricultural Revolution led to larger population –Cottages couldn’t keep up with demand –Machines invented (to make products more quickly): spinning jenny power loom cotton gin

Rise of the Factory –New machines are too big for cottage –Needed one large building to house machines & workers = rise of the factory –Early factories were dependent upon water power (water mills) –Had to build factories near power source (why a problem?) –Started in the textile industry

Effects of Textile Factories –Mass produced goods = lower prices –Demand increases (because of low prices) = need for more factories –Farmers move to work in factories (why are they not farming?) –Factories grew and required more power – led to invention of steam power

Energy for the Industrial Revolution: Steam Engine How the steam engine works: –Steam is forced from high to low pressure, produces power

Effects of the steam engine –Requires enormous amounts of coal (to fuel steam engine) –Requires iron for tools, machinery, transportation –No longer dependent upon water power –Increases textile production & leads to new inventions in various industries Examples: –Bessemer Process –Improved Transportation

Invention of the Bessemer Process turns iron into steel (Why is this important?)

Changes in Transportation The need for better transportation –Need to get goods to & from factories (quickly & cheaply) –Pre-Industrial society used horses, mules & dirt roads Why is this a problem?

Inventions –Stone & asphalt roads –Improved Canals –Railroad era – The Rocket 1829

Example of a pre- industrial canal in England Example of a more “modern” canal in England

Effects of Industrialization on Transportation Steamships & Trains: –Cheaper transportation increased production, trade, and profits –England had the most powerful navy in the world –fueled other industries Coal Steam engines Iron Steel Manufactured products

Britain Leads the Revolution Labor supply – high # of able workers –Farmers forced to leave farms for work (agricultural revolution) Natural resources –Britain produced more iron & coal than all other countries of the world combined –Had colonies to provide needed materials (like cotton) Investment capital –Wealthy class can invest in industries Britain was the 1 st to industrialize because they had all the “ingredients” to do so….

Entrepreneurs –People willing to risk money to start a new business Transportation –Existing harbors & basic canal system –Large merchant fleet & navy Markets –Colonies to sell goods to –New jobs = money to spend on factory goods Government support –Encouraged entrepreneurs –Laws to protect businesses & help them expand