The Circulatory System Chapter 37

Functions of the Circulatory System Deliver –Oxygen –Nutrients –heat Pick up –Waste heat

The Heart Two types of circulation: –Pulmonary From the body Right side of the heart To the lungs Oxygen poor blood until it goes to the lungs –Systemic From the lungs To the left side of the heart Oxygen rich blood To the rest of the body

The Heart Blood move from the body: veins Right atrium Right ventricle Lungs Left Atrium Left Ventricle Aorta Body : arteries, capillaries

Blood Vessels Aorta: largest blood vessel in the body. Immediately above the left atrium Arteries: carry blood rich in oxygen, away from the heart, contain valves, muscular Veins: carry blood poor of oxygen, back to the heart Capillaries: tiny arteries, the smallest vessels in the body, where nutrients exchange to cells

Blood 4-6 liters of blood 45% of blood is cells 55% plasma –Plasma is straw colored fluid that consists of SaltGasesNutriestsEnzymesHormones Waste products proteins

Blood Cells Red Blood Cells –Transport oxygen on protein called hemoglobin White Blood Cells –Guard against infection –Fight parasites –Attack bacteria –Immune response Platelets –Blood clotting

Lymphatic System Vessels and nodes that collect the fluid that has been excreted from the vessels and then returned back to the circulatory system. Lymph nodes filter blood to help block invaders from moving through the system.

Respiratory System The blood carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body, and carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs The pharynx, larynx, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and diagrapham

Process of Respiration Oxygen enters the pharynx into the trachea. –Cilia and mucus line the entire respiratory system to warm and moisten the oxygen as it enters the system. –Cilia catches dust and keeps particles from entering the lungs Bronchi –The large passgeways to the lungs –That lead into smaller bronchioles –That lead to alveoli Alveoli –Millions of air sacs that inflate and deflate to take in oxygen and pass it off to the blood cells Breathing –In order from breathing to occur the diagraphram must lift up the chest cavity, to open up the air passages and allow inhalation to occur

Gas Exchange Alveoli dissolve the oxygen and allow for it to diffuse across the thin walled capillaries. Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds 60 times more oxygen than if it was just blood alone.

Breathing Control The frequency of respiration is control by your nervous system Autonomic part of the nervous system: happens without thinking Cells in the breathing center monitor the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood –When it is too high the, nerve impulses increase the diaphragm contraction, bringing air into the lungs.