ADVENTURE TOURISM AND ECOTOURISM - People come to Canada for our environment - Main Tourism Industry: Adventure and Ecotourism - People come to Calgary from Japan to fish in the Bow River for $500-800 - People come to Canada for our environment - Adventure and Ecotourism is Canada’s main tourism industry - People come to Calgary from Japan to fish in the Bow River for $500-800 a day By: AAR and KM

Management Plans of Parks Canada Emphasis is moving from use to maintenance and protection Challenged with maintaining the integrity of parks’ ecosystems which is defined as” Having their native components intact Biodiversity (Different types of life) Ecosystem processes’ Parks Canada is in charge of the land which work for Environmental Canada Their focus was the use of the land The main focus now is the Maintenance and the Protection It is important to have different kinds of life, such as the trees Logging industries cut down trees and replant them, but they are replanting the same trees which affects the biodiversity of the forests We have to protect the Ecosystem processes (Water Cycle, Carbon Cycle, etc.) so that we can ensure that the processes continue unchanged Parks Canada is in charge of the land which work for Environment Canada Focus was the use of the land Maintenance and Protection is the main focus now (Stewardship and Sustainability) Grass in our backyards are not native to the environment, Nosehill park, for example, is native to our environment Different kinds of life, important to have different types of trees Logging industry cuts down trees and replant them, but they are replanting the same trees which affects the biodiversity of the forests We have to protect the Ecosystem processes (Water Cycle, Carbon Cycle, etc.) so that we can ensure that the processes continue unchanged

Crown Lands Much of our Canadian wilderness is owned by the federal or provincial governments – known as Crown Land The Queen is the leader of Canada, which means all the land is not owned by the people, it is owned by the government which is owned by the Queen Most adventure tourism occurs on Crown land E.g. province of British Columbia 92% is provincial Crown land 1% is federal Crown land 5% is privately owned 2% covered by water The Queen is the leader of Canada All the land that is not owned by the people, is owned by the government which is owned by the Queen

Stressors External stressors: building of roads, establishment of businesses, increased use of land by people Any event that causes the alteration or demise of a species Environmental Stressors = Alteration or demise of habitat, ecosystem or species Determining how many people are too much for the environment is an example of an external stressor

Stressors Other Stressors: Habitat loss or fragmentation (bears) When some parks are built, they were built in the middle of the animals’ habitat Building of roads and cities within natural habitats create conflicts between humans and animals Disappearance of top predators impacts whole food chain Pollution (air pollution, pesticides/herbicides) Bio-magnification: the process by which the poisons of the lower organisms magnified in the higher organisms Overpopulation of pests lead to the use pesticides and poisons Alien Species (non native animals/plants) Invasive species: Species that invade the area Overuse When some parks are built, they were built in the middle of the animals’ habitat Animal encounters are likely going to happen in these parks and places Building of roads and cities within natural habitats create conflicts between humans and animals Animal bridges and fences are built so that animals do not get hit by cars while walking through highways Ranchers killed wolves which almost led to their extinction, and thus, the animals that the wolves used to eat multiplied at a fast rate Overpopulation of pests lead to the use pesticides and poisons Weeds lead to the use of herbicides Bio-magnification: the process by which the poisons of the lower organisms magnified in the higher organisms Invasive species: Species that invade the area

Adventure Tourism SOFT Adventure Not dangerous Less risky Less strenuous Little or no preparation E.g. trail hiking, canoeing on a small lake, fishing, etc. Not dangerous Fishing is Soft adventure tourism Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education Canada

Adventure Tourism HARD Adventure Can be dangerous Person needs to be fit Person needs to have trained E.g. deep sea diving, white water rafting, hiking the West Coast Trail, etc. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education Canada

Ecotourism Responsible travel designed to educate the traveler about interrelationships & physiology of organisms & their environment Physiology: The physical make-up/biology of the organisms Interrelationships: The connections between the animals and the environment (biotic and abiotic) Sustainable Tourism Sustainable Tourism: Responsible to the environment Responsible Tourism Physiology: The physical make-up/biology of the organisms Interrelationships: The connections between the animals and the environment (biotic and abiotic) Sustainable Tourism: Responsible to the environment Determining how many people are too many for the environment, find ways to reduce the bad impacts on the environment, maintaining the environment.

Ecotourism is often about Sustainability Sustainability: Ensuring that you do not use more than can be replaced, that you take care of the resources for future use. For example: If you use more trees than can be grown to replace the ones you use, you will soon run out of trees. This is NOT sustainable. If you make sure that all trees that you cut down are replaced by growing trees, then you will not run out of trees. This IS sustainable.

Ecotourism cont’d Greenwashing – too many tour operators and suppliers using ecotourism to encourage clients yet NOT doing anything to ensure they are being responsible to our ecosystems White washing: To cover things up (hiding the dirt) As eco-tourists, we have to watch out for Green washing Ecotourism is growing the fastest, which companies have realized; so they claim that they are green but aren’t really, which is what Green washing White washing: To cover things up (hiding the dirt)

Ecotourism cont’d Tourism supplier & consumer responsibilities: Minimizing negative economic & environmental impacts Generating greater economic benefits for locals Improving working conditions Involving locals in decisions that affect their lives Providing meaningful connections with local culture for tourists Providing access for physically challenged people Negative Economic Impacts of Tourism ex: Prices jumping up on houses on the beach, Lots of jobs during the summer, none in the offseason

The Ecotourism Market Segment Ecotourists tend to be more mature, have post-secondary education, prefer longer trips and are often willing to pay more for this type of tourism Growing areas of interest: cultural and heritage tourism Maturity: Age (Older) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education Canada

TOURISM’S IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT In some ways, Tourism is viewed as a “user” and “abuser” of the environment We need to limit harm to the environment There are 2 viewpoints : Tourism provides an incentive for the restoration of sites and for the conservation of natural resources Tourism means overcrowding, pollution and maybe even extinction of animal life and vegetation Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education Canada

Tourism’s Impact cont’d Carrying capacity – the maximum # of people who can use a site with only acceptable alteration to the physical environment and only acceptable decline in the quality of the experience for future visitorS Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education Canada

Tourism’s Impact on the Natural Environment Vegetation More people cause damage to plants, trees, wood, etc. Water quality When people use the water, the city has to make sure its clean through water filter systems Wildlife Animal bridges and tunnels for animals Coastlines Hotels taking over beaches, Creation of new beaches, changes too much Mountains Mt. Everest has a really bad garbage problem, no garbage pick-up systems Deserts Deserts are growing due to trees being cut down (Desertification) Vegetation: More people cause damage to plants, trees, wood, etc. Water quality: When people use the water, the city has to make sure its clean through water filter systems Wildlife: Animal bridges and tunnels for animals Coastlines: Hotels taking over beaches, Creation of new beaches, changes too much Mountains: Mt. Everest has a really bad garbage problem, no garbage pick-up systems Deserts: Deserts are growing due to trees being cut down (Desertification)

Balancing The Negative Environmental Impact Dealing with climate warming seriously Reducing carbon dioxide released into the air Fuel efficient, non-carbon-producing methods of energy -

Canada’s Green Plan It is hoped that at least 12% of Canada’s lands become protected spaces Environmental considerations must be a priority Canadians must be educated about conservation Green Committees in Hotels They want to mandate Committees in Hotels to make sure that they are environmental stewards Dangers of Green Plan: Although the size of Canada is big enough to find the 12% of land, they have to make sure that the land they chose is valuable and worth protecting Green Committees in Hotels: They want to mandate Committees in Hotels to make sure that they are environmental stewards Dangers of Green Plan: Although the size of Canada is big enough to find the 12% of land, they have to make sure that the land they chose is valuable and worth protecting

Terms to be covered outdoor recreation heritage tourism adventure tourism ecotourism sustainable tourism economic leakage community-based tourism hard adventure soft adventure outdoor education

Your Assignment Using the words above (these words are found in the D2L shell in Introduction to Adventure and Ecotourism, create a PowerPoint quiz using hyperlinks. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education Canada

1. The definition of ecotourism is: Tourism of the environment Playing with dolphins Travelling to Donald Trump’s hair Visiting the Calgary Tower

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2. What does adventure tourism include? Visiting the play park at McDonalds. Going on a rollercoaster. Both soft and hard tourism. Going to Hawaii.

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3. What is sustainable tourism? Using more trees than can be grown to replace the ones you use. Ensuring that you do not use more than can be replaced, that you take care of the resources for future use. Planting seeds. Harvesting trees for the cause of paper.

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4. What is economic leakage? Leaking money. When all of the foreign currency earned through tourism does not remain within the host country. When all of the host country’s currency earned through tourism goes to foreign countries.

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5. What is the definition of community-based tourism? Activities in the community. Tourists in the community. Tourism in which local residents invite tourists to visit their communities with the provision of overnight accommodation. Acting as a tour guide in your community.

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6. Which one of these are outdoor-recreation activities? Visiting Banff and engaging in outdoor activities (such as hiking). Jogging around a park. All of the above. None of the above.

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7. What is the definition of heritage tourism? Learning about your ancestors. Digging through an old man’s hair. Visiting a museum. A branch of tourism oriented towards the cultural heritage of the location.

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8. What is hard tourism? Going up a rocky cliff. A dangerous activity in the outdoors. An activity outdoors that requires training. All of the above.

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9. What is soft adventure? Walking through a cotton field. Digging through the clothing in the dryer. An outdoor activity that takes little or no preparation. None of the above.

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10. Which of these activities is an example of outdoor education? Going on a tour about an ancient location. Learning about the different types of insects that inhabit the forests. Organized learning that takes place in the outdoors. All of the above.

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