Eating Disorder By: Joey Niccum, Chandler Holliman, Ruben Hughes, and Kyle Grundon

Causes Causes can come from 4 different factors Psychological Interpersonal Social Biological Eating disorders are complex conditions that can arise from a variety of potential causes. Once started, however, they can create a self-perpetuating cycle of physical and emotional destruction. Professional help is recommended in the treatment of eating disorders.

Causes - Psychological Factors in this category include: Low self-esteem Feelings of inadequacy or lack of control in life Depression, anxiety, anger, or loneliness

Causes - Interpersonal Factors include Troubled family and personal relationships Difficulty expressing emotions and feelings History of being teased or ridiculed based of size or weight History of physical or sexual abuse

Causes - Social Factors include: Cultural pressures that glorify “thinness” and place value on obtaining the “perfect body” Narrow definitions of beauty that include only women and men of specific body weights and shapes Cultural norms that value people on the basis of physical appearance and not inner qualities and strengths

Statistics Prevalence It is estimated that 8 million Americans have an eating disorder – seven million women and one million men One in 200 American women suffers from anorexia Two to three in 100 American women suffers from bulimia Nearly half of all Americans personally know someone with an eating disorder (Note: One in five Americans suffers from mental illnesses.) An estimated 10 – 15% of people with anorexia or bulimia are males.

Statistics Mortality Rates Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness A study by the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders reported that 5 – 10% of anorexics die within 10 years after contracting the disease; 18-20% of anorexics will be dead after 20 years and only 30 – 40% ever fully recover The mortality rate associated with anorexia nervosa is 12 times higher than the death rate of ALL causes of death for females 15 – 24 years old. 20% of people suffering from anorexia will prematurely die from complications related to their eating disorder, including suicide and heart problems

Statistics Adolescents Anorexia is the 3rd most common chronic illness among adolescents 95% of those who have eating disorders are between the ages of 12 and 25 50% of girls between the ages of 11 and 13 see themselves as overweight 80% of 13-year-olds have attempted to lose weight

Types of Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge Eating Disorder

Symptoms- Anorexia Nervosa Extreme thinness (emaciation) A relentless pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to maintain a normal or healthy weight Intense fear of gaining weight Distorted body image, a self-esteem that is heavily influenced by perceptions of body weight and shape, or a denial of the seriousness of low body weight Lack of menstruation among girls and women Extremely restricted eating.

How to Recognize- Anorexia Nervosa Person usually sees themselves as overweight when they are clearly underweight. Eating, food, and weight control usually becomes obsessions. Those with Anorexia Nervosa tend to weigh themselves frequently, carefully portion food, and only eat select foods.

Time-Developing Symptoms- Anorexia Nervosa Thinning of the bones (osteopenia or osteoporosis) Severe constipation Growth of fine hair all over the body (lanugo) Damage to the structure and function of the heart Multiorgan failure Infertility

Symptoms- Bulimia Nervosa Having reoccurring and frequent episodes or spells where one eats large amounts of food. Or in other words they have episodes of binge-eating. This binge-eating is followed by behavior that compensates for the overeating such as forced vomiting, excessive use of laxatives or diuretics, fasting, excessive exercise, or a combination of these behaviors. People of healthy weight and/or slightly over-weight usually suffer from Bulimia Nervosa. Like Anorexia Nervosa, this is done with the fear of gaining weight in mind.

How to Recognize- Bulimia Nervosa Person usually views one’s self as overweight. They often fear gaining weight, want desperately to lose weight, and are intensely unhappy with their body size and shape. Suffer from feelings of disgust or shame.

Time Developing Symptoms- Bulimia Nervosa Chronically inflamed and sore throat Swollen salivary glands in the neck and jaw area Worn tooth enamel, increasingly sensitive and decaying teeth as a result of exposure to stomach acid Acid reflux disorder and other gastrointestinal problems Intestinal distress and irritation from laxative abuse Severe dehydration from purging of fluids Electrolyte imbalance (too low or too high levels of sodium, calcium, potassium and other minerals) which can lead to heart attack.

Symptoms- Binge Eating Disorder Person looses control over his/her eating control. Often eats massive amounts of foods at a time. Does not compensate with vomiting, dieting, or excessive exercising after consumption of food. Eating even when you’re full regret and self-loathing

How to Recognize- Binge Eating Disorder The eater tends to be severely overweight or obese. He/she deals with shame. They also experience guilt, shame, and distress about their binge-eating, which can lead to more binge-eating. He/she tries to eat in secret. Embarrassment of Eating Hiding or stockpiling food to eat later in secret

Time Developing Symptoms- Binge Eating Disorder People with binge-eating disorder who are obese are at higher risk for developing cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure. Type 2 diabetes Becoming Obese Gallbladder disease Heart disease Osteoarthritis

Local Help For local help of Anorexia Nervosa there is a local Vacaville Therapist specialized for help treating Anorexia and Bulimia. For more information Click Here Also Located in Vacaville, Healthy Partnerships Inc. is available to help those who suffer from eating disorders. For more information Click Here

Treatment/Recovery-Anorexia Nervosa Restoring the person to a healthy weight Treating the psychological issues related to the eating disorder Reducing or eliminating behaviors or thoughts that lead to insufficient eating and preventing relapse.

Treatment/Recovery- Bulimia Nervosa involves a combination of options and depends upon the needs of the individual. To reduce or eliminate binge-eating and purging behaviors, a patient may undergo nutritional counseling and psychotherapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Treatment/Recovery- Binge Eating Disorder Treatment options for binge-eating disorder are similar Individually tailored Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Fluoxetine and other antidepressants may reduce binge- eating episodes and help lessen depression

Prevention- Eating Disorders Discourage the idea that a particular diet, weight, or body size will automatically lead to happiness and fulfillment. Choose to challenge the false belief that thinness and weight loss are great, while body fat and weight gain are horrible or indicate laziness, worthlessness, or immorality. If you think someone has an eating disorder, express your concerns in a forthright, caring manner. Gently but firmly encourage the person to seek trained professional help. Avoid conveying an attitude that says, “I will like you better if you lose weight, or don’t eat so much, etc.”

Other Information- Eating Disorders Men can suffer from a eating disorder because they find the need to gain more muscularity. Which also leads to the use of Steroids. Eating disorders are one of the most common psychological problems facing young women in Japan. Researchers are finding that eating disorders are caused by a complex interaction of genetic, biological, behavioral, psychological, and social factors. Celebrities that have suffered from eating disorders include: Paula Abdul, Elton John, Joan Rivers, Lynn Redgrave, and more.

Citations Smith, Melinda, Suzanne Barston, Jeanne Segal, and Robert Segal. "Binge Eating Disorder." HelpGuide.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov 2012 “Eating Disorders.” National Institute of Mental Health. N.p., n.d, Web. 11 Nov 2012. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/eating- disorders/complete-index.shtml “Eating Disorder Statistics.” South Carolina Department of Mental Health. DMH. Web. 11 Nov 2012