1. Chapter 13.5 Lecture The Science of Nutrition Third Edition © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. In Depth: Disordered Eating

2. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Disordered Eating General term used to describe a variety of atypical eating behaviors that people use to achieve or maintain a lower body weight Eating behaviors occur on a continuum

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4. Eating Disorders Psychiatric conditions involving extreme body dissatisfaction and long-term eating patterns that negatively affect body functioning Anorexia nervosa: self-starvation leading to a severe nutrient deficiency Bulimia nervosa: recurrent episodes of extreme overeating and compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain

5. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Contributing Factors Many factors contribute to disordered: eating behaviors –Family –Media –Social and cultural values –Personality –Genetic factors

6. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Photos of models and celebrities are routinely "enhanced."

7. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Anorexia Nervosa Potential deadly eating disorder –90−95% are young girls or women –5−20% of females with anorexia will die from complications within 10 years of diagnosis

8. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. People with anorexia experience an extreme drive for thinness.

9. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Anorexia Nervosa Signs and symptoms: –Extremely restrictive eating practices –Intense fear of gaining weight –Amenorrhea: no menstrual periods for at least 3 months; occurs with insufficient energy to maintain normal body functions –Signs may be somewhat different in males

10. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Anorexia Nervosa Health risks: –Energy and nutrient deficiency –Electrolyte imbalance –Cardiovascular problems –Gastrointestinal problems –Bone problems Best chances for recovery: early intensive treatment

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12. Bulimia Nervosa Eating disorder characterized by repeated binge eating followed by purging Binge eating: feels a loss of self-control, a sense of euphoria, "a drug-induced high" Binge: large quantity of food eaten in a short period of time

13. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. People with bulimia often consume large amounts of food over short time periods.

14. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Bulimia Nervosa Affects 1−4% of women Affects more women than men 1% of bulimia patients will die from complications within 10 years of diagnosis Purging: occurs after most binge episodes (weight gain can be significant) by vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, fasting, excessive exercise

15. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Bulimia Nervosa Symptoms: –Recurrent episodes of binge eating –Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain –Binge eating occurs on average at least twice a week for 3 months –Body shape and weight unduly influence self- evaluation

16. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Bulimia Nervosa Signs: –Chronically inflamed and sore throat –Swollen glands in the neck and below the jaw Health risks: –Electrolyte imbalance: dehydration, loss of sodium and potassium ions from vomiting (irregular heartbeat) –Gastrointestinal problems –Dental problems

17. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Binge Eating After stressful events Occurs about twice weekly, not followed by purging 2−3% of adults, 8% of obese population Common in men Food triggers: foods high in fat and sugar can increase blood lipids Psychological consequences: low self-esteem, avoidance of social contact, depression, and negative thoughts

18. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Night-Eating Syndrome People who were not hungry during the day, but eat in the evening and night Depressed mood and insomnia Combination of eating disorder, sleep disorder, and mood disorder

19. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Female Athlete Triad Serious syndrome in some active females: –Low energy availability (with or without eating disorders) –Amenorrhea –Osteoporosis Early warning signs: excessive dieting and/or weight loss, excessive exercise, stress fractures, and self-esteem dictated by body weight/shape

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21. Treatment for Disordered Eating Successful treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach, including: –Patient –Physician –Psychologist –Nutritionist –Person's coach (if an athlete) –Family members and friends

22. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Nutritional Therapy Goals: to restore to healthy body weight and resolve nutrition-related eating issues Body image issues as weight is regained Acceptability of certain foods Food situations (gatherings, eating out) Healthful food plan for weight maintenance Addressing negative feelings, trigger foods