Nomadic Challenges CHAPTER 14

Years ’s

Years ’s

Years Quiz Chinggis Chan 1206 Khitan in N China Seljuk Turks Jurchens (Qin dynasty) rules n China 1126 Song Dynasty flees to S China

Mongols 1215 Mongols first attack N China First invade Russia and Islamic world 1227 Chinngis Khan dies Mongols take N China Mongols take S China Mongols take Russia Mongols invade western Europe Mongols conquer Seljuk Turks

Mongols Kublai Khan’s reign Marco Polo Reign of Yuan (Mongols) in China 1290’s Guns Life of Timur

Mongolian life Nomadic WHY? What did children learn? What advantages does this give the Mongols? Tribes divided into clans Men gained political power through courage and diplomacy Free men voted on leaders (held office as long as you could) Women had high authority in the household

Genghis Khan Chinggis Khan (Temujin) Father died he was abandoned and captured Experiences help him gain fame Elected supreme Mongol ruler in 1206 Builds his capital at Karakorum (Mongolia)

Military Boys are taught to: Ride, hunt and fight Weapons Powerful short bows Hatchets Canons (bronze) Entirely cavalry (speed and mobility) Army is divided Tumen (10,000 men) Heavy and light cavalry Spies IF YOU WERE IN CHARGE OF AN ARMY HOW WOULD YOU FIGHT? WHAT WOULD YOU DO AFTER YOU CONQUER PEOPLE?

Conquest Start by conquering Tangut Kingdom Qin Kingdom (Jurchens) What gave the Mongol invaders an advantage? Tactics Pretended to flee WHY? Cities that resist are totally destroyed WHY? Inhabitants are killed or made slaves You submit before war you survive and have to pay tribute

Death of Chinggis Khan Under his rule Shamanism was main religion But open to others Build an administrative structure and legal code (never finished) Devise a Mongolian script Trade was encouraged Dies in 1227 Kingdom divided among 3 sons and a grandson Ogedei chosen as grand Khan

After Genghis Golden Horde Start invading Russia Ilkhan Khanate Invades Muslim heartland

Russia Mongols used Russia as practice on way to W Europe At time of invasion Divided into small kingdoms after decline of Kiev Why is this a disadvantage? How were they able to carry out the only successful winter invasion of Russia? Russians called this Mongol-Turkic group Tartars (Tatars)

Rise of Russia Peasants suffer greatly WHY? Many Princes gain wealth from trade Particularly Moscow Trade exceeded tribute and it was a tribute collector Helped lead to decline of Golden Horde After the death of Ogedei, expansion into W Europe is stopped WHY?

Mongol effects on Russia Allowed Orthodox religion to flourish Helped Moscow rise to power Protected them from European invaders Cut off Russia from Western transformations that led to movements like the Renaissance and the Reformation

Muslim assault Genghis Khan some thought was Prester John Europeans at first were happy WHY? Hulegu (Genghis grandson) Defeat Seljuk Turks 1243 Sacks Baghdad 1258 (Fall of Abbasid Dynasty) 1260 Mamluks in Egypt Defeat Mongols

Kublai Khan Becomes khan in 1260 Leads campaign against the Song Dynasty 1271 Changes name of Mongol dynasty in China to YUAN

Yuan control Chinese scholars can’t learn Mongol script WHY? No intermarriage Military (Chinese and Mongol) kept apart WHY? Only women from nomadic families chosen for harem WHY? Discontinued the use of the exam system WHY?

Yuan Admin Mongol women Remained independent Rights of property continue Don’t adopt foot binding Merchants and artisans Benefit from Yuan rule WHY? Open to new ideas and fascinated with learning Marco Polo welcomed

Ming Dynasty Kublai Khan dies 1294 Mongol Empire collapses Ju Yuanzhang (peasant) Leads revolt Founded Ming Dynasty

Timur Turk that conquered Eurasia ( ) Fertile Crescent S Russia India Worse than the Mongols Covered less territory Didn’t increase trade Provided no peace