1. Mongols

2. Mongols were a small tribe among many
Temujin – Later Chinggis (Genghis) Khan
Became leader of tribe, eventually entire steppe.
Name means Universal Emperor

3. Chinggis Khan Built autocratic state
Broke loyalty of tribes
Broke tradition
Military success
‘Mongol’ now a political (not tribal) name

4. Why so successful? Traditional steppe warrior skills
Horsemen
Bowman
Chinggis Khan adds:
Efficient organization
Discipline
Fight as unit, not warrior

5. Why so successful? Communication Reconnaissance
Assimilated technology of conquered people
Psychological warfare

6. Mongols and China Trade (at first) Conflict Chinggis Khan crushed them
His son managed China – Yuan

7. Was Chinggis Khan’s intention to be a world conqueror?

8. Mongol Empire C.K. ruthless in battle; tolerant ruler
Capital Karakorum (city of tents)
C.K. would not live in a city
Scholars and monks invited
Written History
Religious tolerance

9. Pax Mongolica Trade Flourished (Negative consequence: Black Death)
People could travel safely
(Negative consequence: Black Death)

10. After Chinggis Khan Died 1227 Four Sons More conquering to do
Four kingdoms (khanates)
One is great khan (the strongest)

12. Kublai Khan Conquered China and reunifies Becomes Great Khan
Founds Peking
(A sedentary city ??!?)

13. Kublai Khan Destroyed Chinese hierarchy Did not trust scholar gentry
Trusted foreigners
1.) Mongols
2.) Western Asians
3.) Subjects of Jin (first conquered)
4.) Southern Chinese (last conquered)

14. Kublai Khan Oppressive laws Scholar gentry turn to the arts
Mongol empire began to decline 1294 when Kublai Khan died

15. Mongols in China Secret societies formed rebellion
Poor peasant, Zhu Yuanzhang re-conquers country
Established Ming Dynasty ( )
Renamed Hong Wu

17. Golden Horde Mongols an Invading force, not a ruling force
Power shifted from Kiev to Moscow
Muscovite princes successful
Learned autocratic rule
Cut off from rest of Europe (look more Eastern)
Religion tolerated

18. Golden Horde Ivan I consolidated power
Challenged and pushed out Mongols
1380 Battle of Kulikovo

19. Japan
Twice invaded
Typhoon/Kamikazee winds

20. Other Khanates Ilkhanate Persia 1256-1335
Adopted Islam/Became agricultural

21. Chagatai
Heavily converted to Islam
Limited cities (Except for trade)

22. Legacy of Chinggis Khan
Tolerance
Writing
Trade
Law Code