1. The Mongol Empire

2. History of People Small group of steppe people - nomadic
Life based around horse
Political: kinship based clans & tribes

3. Birth of a Khan Temujin Structure of society helps his rise
Seeks vengence for dad’s death
Ghengis Khan - “universal ruler”

4. Society Change
Combines traditional fighting strengths with new organization
Pyramid of officers & units
Loyalty only to Khan, not clan
Promotion based on merit

5. Weapons Bow & Arrow - 1/3 farther Trebuchet Siege warfare
Retreat and return

6. Mongolian Empire

7. Empire - After Ghengis Khan

8. Khanate of the Great Khan
Yuan Dynasty - China
Successor to Ghengis (Ogodei, then Kubilai)
Favor Buddhism, threat to Confucianism
Social: Mongols top; separate from Chinese
Weak - can’t take over Japan

9. Khanate of Jagadai Central Asia
Tamerlane - Turk, only in-law relationship to Ghengis Khan
Conquers huge territory - attack Il-Khan
Rules through tribal leaders/allies
Opens door for Ottomans

10. Khanate of the Golden Horde
Southern Russia
Russia divided into many kingdoms; easy to take over
Russian princes serve as vassals of khans
Peasants look to serfdom for protection
Khans are Muslim, Russians are Orthodox
Positives & Negatives

11. Il-Khan Middle East Hulegu - grandson
Captured Abbasid capital & killed last caliph
Tensions between Muslims & Mongols
Ghazan converts to Islam in 1295
All Mongols ordered to convert

12. The End Too big Feuds between Golden Horde & Il-Khan
Mongol rulers adopt cultural preferences of conquered
Ends the Silk Road forever

13. Impact At first they are a disruption Encouragement of trade
Pax Mongolica
Open communication from China to Europe
Black Death
Western Europe saved from conquest