Algeria – A national liberation war

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Presentation transcript:

Algeria – A national liberation war

A. Beginnings of the War in Algeria 1950 considered as integral part of French territory 1 million Europeans 9 million Muslim Algerians Major inequalities between populations 1954 wave of terrorist attacks creation of National Liberation Front (FLN), struggle for independence begun French gov’t immediately sends in military forces

FLN unit troops

B. Progressive deepening of the Algerian War (1954-1958) Repression more and more violent French refusal to acknowledge state of war “Maintaining the peace” operations Military action against small number of “fellaghas” and not against Algerians 1956, military numbers double Fellaghas – Road Bandits Harkis Soldiers

1957 FLN brings war to the city Battle of Algiers FLN uses blind terrorism; random bombings French military resorts to frisking, torture, arrests French Authorities and FLN partisans denounce violence of FLN (against French and Muslim alike)

C. De Gaulle puts an end to the war (1958-1962) “Long Live French Algeria!”, June 6th, 1958

D. De Gaulle’s Policies towards Algeria Progressively leads to negotiation September 1959, recognizes Algerians have a right to self-determination Partisans of French Algeria and members of Army feel betrayed Sparks week of rioting in Algiers - January 1960 “the week of the barricades”

E. OAS bombings April 1961, 4 generals attempt a coup d’état to take over the country OAS (Organization of the Secret Army ) created 1961 Organizes series of terrorist attacks in France & Algeria

F. Independence March 18, 1962 negotiations with FLN result in the Evian accords Independence proclaimed July 5, 1962 800,000 Europeans flee the country 25,000 Harkis, treated as traitors, exiled in France

Repatriation of French Algerians

G. Legacy of Algerian War Heavy human casualties National Liberation War but also a Civil War Public Opinion in France very divided Long since taboo subject in French education - similar to Vietnam experience for Americans Video: Aljazeerah - Veterans: The French in Algeria 15’30”

Reading Assignment - Homework The Unfinished Nation by Alan Brinkley “Chapter 20 The Imperial Republic”, pp 534-554 Mastering Modern World History by Norman Lowe “Chapter 24 The End of the European Empires”, pp. 509-541 The World Since 1914 by Joe Scott, “Part 8: The End of Empire” (6 pages) (link to be found on blog)