If a country has an abundance of natural resources, it has to be wealthy.

Colonialism in Africa World History Mrs. Davies April 10, 2008 Mr. Roth & Mrs. Jarmer Update March 7, 2010

Motives Behind Colonization: National self-interest and the desire for strength and influence around the world. National self-interest and the desire for strength and influence around the world. “mercantilism” - an economic system to unify and increase the power and especially the monetary wealth of a nation by a strict governmental regulation of the entire national economy usually through policies designed to secure an accumulation of bullion, a favorable balance of trade, the development of agriculture and manufactures, and the establishment of foreign trading monopolies “mercantilism” - an economic system to unify and increase the power and especially the monetary wealth of a nation by a strict governmental regulation of the entire national economy usually through policies designed to secure an accumulation of bullion, a favorable balance of trade, the development of agriculture and manufactures, and the establishment of foreign trading monopolies

Motives Behind Colonization: Economic Gain: Economic Gain: New market for goods New market for goods Source of raw materials Source of raw materials Cheap labor Cheap labor The old belief that the possession of gold and silver meant power. The old belief that the possession of gold and silver meant power.

Motives Behind Colonization: Religious reasons: Religious reasons: Elimination of other religions Elimination of other religions Trade strategy – create a “friendly” space for trade and commerce Trade strategy – create a “friendly” space for trade and commerce Humanitarian efforts Humanitarian efforts In the late 19 th century - White Man’s Burden In the late 19 th century - White Man’s Burden

White Man’s Burden Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden, 1899 Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden, 1899 Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden, 1899 Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden, 1899

Colonial Powers and Their Holdings: Spain – South America, Central America, North America Spain – South America, Central America, North America Portugal – South America, Persian Gulf coast, parts of India, parts of Asia and parts of Africa Portugal – South America, Persian Gulf coast, parts of India, parts of Asia and parts of Africa The Netherlands – Parts of Asia, Indonesia, North America and Africa The Netherlands – Parts of Asia, Indonesia, North America and Africa England – North America, the Caribbean, East Indies, India, Africa and the Middle East England – North America, the Caribbean, East Indies, India, Africa and the Middle East

(continued) France – North America, the Caribbean, East and West Indies, Africa, the Middle East France – North America, the Caribbean, East and West Indies, Africa, the Middle East Germany – Africa Germany – Africa Belgium – Interior of Africa Belgium – Interior of Africa

Berlin Conference (1884) The conference ushered in a period of heightened colonial activity on the part of the European powers, while simultaneously eliminating most existing forms of African autonomy and self-governance.

Dutch Colonialism:

England’s Influence

French Colonialism French Colonialism

Belgian Colonialism

Spain and Portugal

German Colonialism

America’s Sphere of Influence America’s Sphere of Influence

Types of Colonies

Settlement Colonies: Citizens of the colonizing country migrate and take control of a new area, regardless of former inhabitants. Settlement occurs and colonial population grows. Citizens of the colonizing country migrate and take control of a new area, regardless of former inhabitants. Settlement occurs and colonial population grows. Example: The 13 Colonies of North America Example: The 13 Colonies of North America

Dependent Colonies: Otherwise known as “colonies of exploitation” Otherwise known as “colonies of exploitation” Colonies settled by Europeans who came as planters, administrators or military officers and established political control over the local population. Local culture wasn’t destroyed…instead, the colony becomes dependant upon the economy of the colonizing country. Colonies settled by Europeans who came as planters, administrators or military officers and established political control over the local population. Local culture wasn’t destroyed…instead, the colony becomes dependant upon the economy of the colonizing country. Examples: Nigeria and Ghana Examples: Nigeria and Ghana

Protectorate Colonies In this system, the local leader kept his title, but a specific European country (or America ) claimed rights to the country. No other countries were allowed to interfere politically or economically without express permission from the colonizing country. In this system, the local leader kept his title, but a specific European country (or America ) claimed rights to the country. No other countries were allowed to interfere politically or economically without express permission from the colonizing country. Example: Puerto Rico Example: Puerto Rico

Spheres of Influence: Otherwise known as informal colonies Otherwise known as informal colonies When a country interferes with the internal workings of another country but fails to annex it officially. It is an informal agreement that this colony will not be harassed by other would-be colonizing countries. When a country interferes with the internal workings of another country but fails to annex it officially. It is an informal agreement that this colony will not be harassed by other would-be colonizing countries. Example: South American countries following their independence (by America) Example: South American countries following their independence (by America)

Based on the information provided, what do you think the message is behind this cartoon?