THE ORIGINS OF EUKARYOTIC DIVERSITY CHAPTER 28 THE ORIGINS OF EUKARYOTIC DIVERSITY
Amoeba proteus unicellular protozoan
Diatom unicellular algae
A plasmodial slime mold
Bull Kelp a multicellular brown algae
The Kingdom Protista Problem Several diverse lineages were combined to form the Protista making it a paraphyletic taxon
A model for the Origin of Eukaryotes including the Endosymbiotic hypothesis
Secondary Endosymbiosis gives the algae their diversity Studies of SSU-rRNA indicate that mitochondria evolved from ancestors of alpha proteobacteria and chloroplasts evolved form ancestors of cyanobacteria
Traditional hypothesis for how the Alternative hypothesis three domains of life are related based on based on proteins functioning in DNA sequences transcription and translation
phylogeny of Eukaryotes “Tentative” phylogeny of Eukaryotes
A diplomonad-multiple flagella, two nuclei, no plastids or mitochondria
Parabasalids-no mitochondria have an undulating membrane trichomonads
Euglenozoa Euglena
Euglenophyta Euglena
Kinectoplastids Trypanosoma causes African Sleeping Sickness
Kinectoplastids a large organelle with DNA- Trichonympha- flagellated protozoan found in the gut of termites
Apicomplexa-Sporozoans The two host life cycle of Plasmodium that causes malaria
A dinoflagellate-
A dinoflagellate-some are bioluminescent
A bioluminescent “angel” Dinoflagellata
Ciliophora Ciliates
Stentor-uses cilia to pull in food particles
Conjugation in paramecium
Conjugation in paramecium
Ciliated heterotrophic protozoan-Ciliophora
Oomycota water mold-life cycle -have large immobile eggs and small mobile sperm -have coenocytic hyphae
Release of zoospores by water mold Oomycota
Oomycota developing zygotes
Oomycota Water molds; Powdery Mildew
Bacillariophyta-Diatoms-silica-glass-like shell consist of two halves
Diatom-a unicellular alga-Bacillariophyta
Bacillariophyta-Diatoms- freshwater species that has just divided
Bacillariophyta-Diatoms
Bacillariophyta Diatoms
Chrysophyta-Golden Algae
Australian bull kelp-multicellular algae-Phaeophyta
Phaeophyta Brown Algae-largest algae; fucoxanthin pigment; Air bladders
Phaeophyta Brown Algae
Phaeophyta Brown Algae
Phaeophyta Brown Algae Life Cycle with alternation of generations
Rhodophyta Red Algae-pigment phycobilins that absorb blue light this allows them to grow at greatest depths
Rhodophyta Red Algae
Chlorophyta Green Algae-Volvox-a colonial algae
Chlorophyta Green Algae-Volvox-a colonial algae
Spirogyra conjugation Chlorophyta Spirogyra conjugation
Chlorophyta Green Algae-no crosswalls with multiple nuclei-coenocytic
Chlorophyta Green Algae- life of Chlamydomonas a unicellular algae
Chlorophyta Green Algae
Chlorophyta Green Algae
Chlorophyta Green Algae
Chlorophyta Green Algae Multicellular
Chlorophyta Green Algae
Mixed Seaweed
Hypothetical history of plastids in eukaryotes
Chlorophyta Green Algae Spirogyra being eaten by a heterotroph
Amoeba proteus-unicellular protozoan- Rhizopoda
Rhizopoda amoebas-using pseudopodia
Rhizopoda amoebas-using pseudopodia
Rhizopoda amoebas-using pseudopodia
Rhizopoda amoebas-using pseudopodia
Rhizopoda-amoebas
Actinopoda Heliozoan “sun animals” freshwater with stiff axopodia
Actinopoda Heliozoan
Actinopoda Radiolarian-marine with delicate silica shells
Actinopoda Radiolarian-shell
Foraminifera
Foraminifera-multichambered shells that contain calcium carbonate
Myxomycota Plasmodial slime mold-coenocytic
Life cycle of Myxomycota
Myxomycota Plasmodial slime mold-spore germinating
Myxomycota Plasmodial slime molds
cellular slime mold fruiting bodies Acrasiomycota cellular slime mold fruiting bodies
Acrasiomycota cellular slime mold
Acrasiomycota cellular slime mold-spores
Acrasiomycota cellular slime mold forming fruiting bodies
Acrasiomycota cellular slime mold forming fruiting bodies