1. Protist Kingdom
Chapter 19

2. What makes a protist a protist?
Protists are the most diverse kingdom
They were the very first eukaryotes
Gave rise to fungi, plant, and animal kingdom
A protist is any eukaryote that is not a fungus, plant or animal!
Protists may be unicellular or multicellular
Can reproduce sexually or asexually
Protists are divided into 14 different phyla:

3. Rhizopoda (amoebas) Move by flexible extensions called pseudopodia
no cell walls or flagella
Engulf food by phagocytosis
Live in fresh water, salt water, and in the soil
Can cause disease
dysentery

4. Rhizopoda (amoebas)
Feeding
Amoeba

5. Foraminifera (forams)
Live in marine environments
Have porous shells called tests
Resemble a tiny snail
Uses long thin projections of cytoplasms extended through holes in the test to swim and capture prey
Calcium carbonate shells of dead forams help form limestone

6. Foraminifera (forams)

7. Bacillariophyta (diatoms)
Photosynthetic
Unicellular
Have double shells (diatoms)
Abundant in oceans and lakes
Usually reproduce asexually
Empty shells make diatomaceous earth
Used in abrasives, car paint, animal feeds, whitening toothpaste and as an insect repellant

8. Bacillariophyta (diatoms)

9. Bacillariophyta (diatoms)

10. Bacillariophyta (diatoms)

11. Chlorophyta (green algae)
Autotrophic (photosynthetic)
Contains chlorophyll
Most are unicellular but some are multicellular
Live in saltwater, freshwater, and damp soil

12. Chlorophyta (green algae)

13. Chlorophyta (green algae)

14. Rhodophyta (red algae)
Multicellular
Photosynthetic
Red pigment absorbs light at greater depths

15. Phaeophyta (brown algae)
Multicellular
Include kelp, one of the largest organisms on Earth

17. Algae Uses Algae are used in many things:
used as a thickener and to stabilize ingredients in dairy products, paint and cosmetics (carrageenan)
used in food and food additives and also in bacterial culture (agar)
Nori, Japanese seaweed paper is used in sushi, soup and many other dishes – it is a mixture of different species of red algae

18. Dinoflagellata Most are marine, few freshwater
Protective cellulose coat
Some produce powerful toxins
Cause “red tides”

20. Zoomastigina Unicellular One or many flagellum
One species Trichonympha is symbionic with termites and digest wood

21. Euglenophyta Live in freshwater Have two flagella Some photosynthetic
Have eyespots to sense light
Euglena in Motion

22. Ciliophora Complex protists Use cilia to swim
Have two nuclei: macronuclei and micronuclei
Reproduction usually mitosis
Feeding
Paramecia

23. Slime Molds Myxomycota and Oomycota
Cellular slime molds are unicellular but in times of stress the come together to form a “slug”

24. Slime Molds Myxomycota and Oomycota
Plasmodial slime molds are a group of organisms that stream along together as a plasmodium

25. Apicomplexa (sporozoans)
Parasitic
Often transmitted from host to host through blood-feeding insects
Example: malaria
Malaria kills more people globally than any other infectious disease