A PRESENTATION OF PRACTICAL TRAINING ON “400KV GSS “ \

INTRODUCTION A 400 KV Grid Sub Station (GSS) or a RRVPNL Transmitters the supply in 4 station. Bikaner sub station is completed during 2001-2004.The whole substation is divided into two part 400kv &220kv a common control room is used we have signal incoming main incomer lines yet Form Suratgarh. This 400 KV GSS has 3-4 lac unit per day, means the consuming is 3 to 4 lac unit.

Single Line Diagram

SUBSTATION Sub-station is a station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or low to high voltage using transformers.

EQUIPMENT USED OF SUBSTATION POWER TRANSFORMER LIGHTNING ARRESTOR INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER CIRCUIT BREAKER RELAY INSULATOR ISOLATOR POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION(PLCC)

POWER TRANSFORMER Power transformers are used in transmission network of higher voltages for step-up and step down.

LIGHTNING ARRESTOR It discharge the over voltage surges to earth and protect the equipment insulation from switching surges and lightning surges. It located at the starting of the substation as seen from incoming transmission lines and is the first equipment of the substation. .

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER The lines in Sub-Station operates at high voltage & current of thousands ampere. The measuring device are constructed to measure low voltage & current. These are the small transformers used for the supply low value of current & voltage to the measuring instruments. There are two type of Instrument Transformer: 1. Current transformer (CT) 2. Voltage transformer (PT)

Current transformer (CT) CT is a type of instrument transformer that is used in power system for measurement, detection, protection of the system. When current in a circuit is too high to apply directly measuring instruments, a CT produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the current in the circuit, which can be conveniently connected to measuring and recording instruments.

POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER Potential transformers are instrument transformers. They have a large number of primary turns and a few number of secondary turns. It step down the voltage to something that meters can handle. 

CAPACITOR VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT), or capacitance coupled voltage transformer (CCVT) is a transformer used in power systems to step down extra high voltage signals and provide a low voltage signal, for measurement or to operate a protective relay.

Circuit breaker A circuit breaker is a switch which work is to make or break a circuit manually or automatically under abnormal condition. It designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and discontinue the electric flow.

Types of circuit breaker Based on the medium used A) Air Blast Circuit Breaker B) SF6 Circuit Breaker C) Vacuum Circuit Breaker D) Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker

RELAYS Relay are switches that open and close circuits electromechanically. They control one electrical circuit by opening and closing contacts in another circuit. Types of relay :- Over voltage relays Over current relays I.D.M.T. fault relay Earth fault relay Buchholz ’s relay Differential relay Buchholz ’s relay

Insulators An insulator also called a dielectric, is a material that resists the flow of electric current. Insulators are used in electrical equipment to support and separate electrical conductors without allowing current through themselves. Types of insulators:- 1. Pin type 2. Suspension type 3. Strain type 4. Shackle type 5. Stay type

. PIN TYPE SUSPENSION TYPE STRAIN TYPE STAY TYPE SHACKLE TYPE

Isolator Whenever there is a fault in any transmission line it is necessary to disconnect it from the unit for repair work, on which work can be done. Isolator is used to disconnect the faulty part form the unit & for safety purpose.

PLCC & Wave Trap Power line communication carries data on conductor that is also used simultaneously for AC electric power transmission or electric power distribution to consumers. Wave trap is a device used in the substation at the incoming lines. Wave trap is also called as line trap. The wave traps extracts the high frequency information from the power lines and route it to the telecomm panels.

Earth Switch Earth Switch is used to discharge the voltage on the circuit to the earth for safety. Earth switch is mounted on the frame of the isolators. Earth Switch is located for each incomer transmission line  and each side of the bus-bar section.

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