1. A
SEMINAR ON
400 KV GSS(RRVPNL)
BIKANER

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SUBSTATION TRANSFORMER CVT CURRENT TRANSFORMER
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
CIRCUIT BREAKER
ISOLATOR
BUSBAR
INSULATOR
PLCC
WAVE TRAP
RELAY
LIGHTNING ARRESTER

3. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

4. INTRODUCTION SUBSTATION-
It is a part of electrical generation, transmission, distribution system.
Substation transfers voltage from high to low or vice-versa or perform any other important function.

5. TRANSFORMER
It is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit through the medium of magnetic field without a change in frequency.

6. CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
CVT converts high transmission voltage to standard, low and easily measurable voltage which is used for metering, protection, control of system.

7. CURRENT TRANSFORMER CT is used for measuring electric current.
When current in a circuit is too high to directly apply to measuring instruments, CT produces and reduces current which is proportional to current in circuit.

8. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
It is used for measuring voltage.
Potential transformer are instrument transformer they have a large number of primary turns and a few numbers of secondary turns .
Potential transformer

9. CIRCUIT BREAKER
A Circuit Breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.
Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow.

10. ISOLATOR
Isolators which are also called disconnect switches or air break switches. It is manually operated mechanical switch which separates a part of electrical power system normally at off load condition.

11. BUSBAR
In electrical power distribution, a busbar  is a metallic strip or bar that conducts electricity within a switchboard, distribution board, substation ,or other electrical apparatus.
Its main purpose is to conduct a current of electricity.

12. INSULATORS
The insulators for the overhead lines provide insulation to the power conductors from ground so current from conductors do not flow to earth through supports.

13. TYPES OF INSULATORS

14. POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION
It uses high voltage transmission line connecting two substation for transmission and distribution purpose.
It is used in all utilities as primary communication service to transmit speech, protection commands.

15. WAVE TRAP
It is used to trap communication signal and send PLCC room through CVT.
Line trap offers high impedance to high frequency communication signal thus obstructs the flow of signals into the substation bus bar.

16. RELAY
The relays detect the abnormal condition in the electrical circuits.
A Protective relay is a device that detects the fault and initiates the operation of the circuit breaker to isolate the defective element from the rest of the system.
measuring the electrical quantities i.e. voltage, current, frequency, which are different under normal and fault conditions.

17. LIGHTNING ARRESTER
It is a device used in electrical power system to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effect of lightning.

18. TYPES OF LIGHTNING ARRESTER
Expulsion type lightning arrester.
Valve type lightning arrester.
Metal oxide lightning arrester.
Rod-gap type lightning arrester.
Horn gap lightning arrester.