Benchmarks

S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy. a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy. b. Explain the relationship between potential and kinetic energy.   S8P3. Students will investigate relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. a. Determine the relationship between velocity and acceleration. b. Demonstrate the effect of balanced and unbalanced forces on an object in terms of gravity, inertia, and friction. c. Demonstrate the effect of simple machines (lever, inclined plane, pulley, wedge, screw, and wheel and axle) on work. S8P5. Students will recognize characteristics of gravity, electricity, and magnetism as major kinds of forces acting in nature. a. Recognize that every object exerts gravitational force on every other object and that the force exerted depends on how much mass the objects have and how far apart they are. 1st Nine Weeks

Fill in the Blank…. ___________ is the ability to do work ____________ is energy an object has because of its position or composition __________ is the energy of motion Both energy and work are measured in units called __________. The _____________________ states that although energy may change from one form to another, energy is neither created or destroyed. Fill in the Blank….

Energy is the ability to do work Potential Energy is energy an object has because of its position or composition Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion Both energy and work are measured in units called Joules The Law of Conservation of Energy states that although energy may change from one form to another, energy is neither created or destroyed. Fill in the Blank… S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy. a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy. b. Explain the relationship between potential and kinetic energy.

An apple is hanging from a tree branch An apple is hanging from a tree branch. A gust of wind blows the tree, and the apple falls. Which of the following describes the apple’s energy just as the apple hits the ground? a. its potential energy due to position is zero b. its kinetic energy due to position is zero c. its potential energy is half its kinetic energy 2. As a ball rolls down a hill, it has less potential energy than it did at the top of the hill. Some of the ball’s potential energy a. disappears b. decreases friction c. creates even more energy d. changes to kinetic energy Answer the following…

An apple is hanging from a tree branch An apple is hanging from a tree branch. A gust of wind blows the tree, and the apple falls. Which of the following describes the apple’s energy just as the apple hits the ground? a. its potential energy due to position is zero b. its kinetic energy due to position is zero c. its potential energy is half its kinetic energy 2. As a ball rolls down a hill, it has less potential energy than it did at the top of the hill. Some of the ball’s potential energy a. disappears b. decreases friction c. creates even more energy d. changes to kinetic energy

Fill in the Blank… __________ with direction is known as velocity The change of velocity per unit of time is known as ______________ Speed is known as distance divided by the ________ A push or a pull is known as ________ __________ the tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion Newton’s _________ law is known as the law of inertia The greater the object’s mass, the greater its inertia ________ is the amount of matter in an object Newton’s _________ law of motion is expressed mathematically as force is equal to the mass times the acceleration Newton’s third law of motion states: for every _______, there is an equal an opposite __________ The sum of all the forces acting on the object is called the _____ force __________ produce a net force that equals zero, and there is no change in motion Unbalanced forces produce a net force that is _________ than zero, and the object acted on moves in the direction of the greater forces Fill in the Blank…

Fill in the blank continued.. The contact force that acts between two surfaces that touch each other is known as __________. It tends to oppose motion __________ is the force that holds us to the ground that attracts objects towards one another The law of universal ______________ states that all objects attract all other objects A ____________________ makes work easier by changing the size, direction, or both size and direction of the force used to do the work Work is equal to force times _______ Read pgs. 58-60 in your science coach book Fill in the blank continued..

Fill in the Blank… S8P3. Students will investigate relationship between force, mass, and the motion of objects. a. Determine the relationship between velocity and acceleration. b. Demonstrate the effect of balanced and unbalanced forces on an object in terms of gravity, inertia, and friction. c. Demonstrate the effect of simple machines (lever, inclined plane, pulley, wedge, screw, and wheel and axle) on work. Speed with direction is known as velocity The change of velocity per unit of time is known as acceleration Speed is known as distance divided by the time A push or a pull is known as force Inertia the tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion Newton’s 1st law is known as the law of inertia The greater the object’s mass, the greater its inertia Mass is the amount of matter in an object Newton’s 2nd law of motion is expressed mathematically as force is equal to the mass times the acceleration Newton’s third law of motion states: for every action, there is an equal an opposite reaction The sum of all the forces acting on the object is called the net force Balanced Forces produce a net force that equals zero, and there is no change in motion Unbalanced forces produce a net force that is greater than zero, and the object acted on moves in the direction of the greater forces

The contact force that acts between two surfaces that touch each other is known as Friction. It tends to oppose motion Gravity is the force that holds us to the ground that attracts objects towards one another The law of universal gravitation states that all objects attract all other objects A simple machine makes work easier by changing the size, direction, or both size and direction of the force used to do the work Work is equal to force times distance Read pgs. 58-60 in your science coach book Answer questions on pg. 61 (1-4)

Answer the following… Pg. 43 in the coach book What happens to the motion of an object when the forces acting on it are balanced? a. The motion changes direction b. the motion does not change c. the motion speeds up What happens to an object if the forces acting on it are unbalanced? a. its motion changes b. the net force is zero c. its motion does not change How is an object’s mass related to the force needed to accelerate the object? a. mass is not related to the force needed b. the smaller the mass, the greater the force needed c. the greater the mass, the greater the force needed Answer the following…

Answer the following… Pg. 43 in the coach book What happens to the motion of an object when the forces acting on it are balanced? a. The motion changes direction b. the motion does not change c. the motion speeds up What happens to an object if the forces acting on it are unbalanced? a. its motion changes b. the net force is zero c. its motion does not change How is an object’s mass related to the force needed to accelerate the object? a. mass is not related to the force needed b. the smaller the mass, the greater the force needed c. the greater the mass, the greater the force needed Answer the following…

A person produces the least friction moving across which of these surfaces? a. carpet b. ice c . Sand Your mass increases as you grow. How does this affect the force of gravitational attraction between you and other objects? a. the force increases b. the force decreases c. the force stays the same Which two factors affect the gravitational attraction between two objects? a. density and friction b. density and distance c. mass and friction d. mass and distance Answer the following…

A person produces the least friction moving across which of these surfaces? a. carpet b. ice c . Sand Your mass increases as you grow. How does this affect the force of gravitational attraction between you and other objects? a. the force increases b. the force decreases c. the force stays the same Which two factors affect the gravitational attraction between two objects? a. density and friction b. density and distance c. mass and friction d. mass and distance Answer the Following…

2nd Nine Weeks Standards S8P1. Students will examine the scientific view of the nature of matter. a. Distinguish between atoms and molecules. b. Describe the difference between pure substances (elements and compounds) and mixtures. c. Describe the movement of particles in solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas states. d. Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matter as physical (i.e., density, melting point, boiling point) or chemical (i.e., reactivity, combustibility). e. Distinguish between changes in matter as physical (i.e., physical change) or chemical (development of a gas, formation of precipitate, and change in color). f. Recognize that there are more than 100 elements and some have similar properties as shown on the Periodic Table of Elements. g. Identify and demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Matter.   S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy. d. Describe how heat can be transferred through matter by the collisions of atoms (conduction) or through space (radiation). In a liquid or gas, currents will facilitate the transfer of heat (convection). 2nd Nine Weeks Standards Read Pgs. 78-80 in Coach Book then answer questions on pg. 81