1. Vocabulary A force that opposes motion of two touching objects Answer: What is friction The amount of force or energy an object has when it is moving Answer: What is momentum? Energy that is stored Answer: What is potential energy? The force that first exerts force on the second object Answer: What is action force?

2. Vocabulary The rate of change in speed and direction Answer: What is acceleration The ability to do work Answer: What is energy? Energy in motion Answer: What is kinetic energy? The distance an object travels in a given amount of time Answer: What is speed?

3. Vocabulary A push or a pull Answer: What is force? All objects fall with the same rate of acceleration, regardless of their mass Answer: What is Newton’s 2 nd Law of Motion? An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion at the same speed and in the same direction until acted upon by an unbalanced force Answer: What is Newton’s 1 st Law of Motion?

4. Vocabulary How far from one point to another Answer: What is distance? The total amount of energy in a system remains constant, although it can still be converted to other forms of energy Answer: What is conservation of energy? The force that pushes or pulls back against an action force Answer: What is a reaction force

5. Multiple Choice The law of conservation of momentum states that unless outside forces act on a system of interacting objects, the total amount of momentum _______. A. Equals 1 B. Slowly decreases C. Cannot be transferred D. Does not change Answer: D Does not change

6. Multiple Choice Which of Newton’s laws explains why a ball bounces? A. Newton’s first law of motion B. Newton’s second law of motion C. Newton’s third law of motion D. The law of universal gravitation Answer: C Newton’s third law of motion

7. Multiple Choice Speeding up, slowing down, and changing direction are all examples of ______ A. fluid friction B. velocity C. acceleration D. speed Answer: C acceleration If an unbalanced force acts on an object, what will happen? A. it will not move at all B. it will accelerate in the same direction as the force C. it will accelerate in the opposite direction of the force D. it will accelerate at an angle of 90° to the force Answer: B – it will accelerate in the same direction as the force

8. Multiple Choice A moving car changes ______ compared with nonmoving reference points A. size B. position C. state D. mass Answer: B position It takes more force to get an object moving than to keep it moving because of ____ A. microgravity B. average speed C. conservation of energy D. static friction Answer: D static friction

9. Multiple Choice According to Newton’s 2 nd Law of Motion, acceleration depends on the mass of the object and the ___ A. size of the force B. direction of the force C. distance traveled D. speed of the object Answer: A size of the force

10. Multiple Choice If distance = rate x time (d = r x t), then what is also true? A. r = d x t B. t = d/r C. d= r/t D. t = r/d Answer: B t- d/r Action-reaction forces are equal in strength and ______ in direction A. opposite B. positive C. equal D. downward Answer: A opposite

11. Multiple Choice According to Newton’s 3 rd Law, what happens when you push against a wall? A. the wall pushes back at you half as hard B. the wall doesn’t resist at all C. the wall pushes back at you with the same amount of force D. the wall pushes back at you twice as hard Answer: C- the wall pushes back at you with the same amount of force

12. Short answer A jet travels from Tampa, Florida, to Los Angeles, California, which is a distance of 3,500 km. The flight takes 5 hours. Calculate the average speed of the jet. Show your work Answer: average speed = d (3,500 km)/t (5 h) So, 3,500 = 700 km/h 5

13. Short Answer Give an example of an object that possesses kinetic energy and an object that possesses potential energy (this can be the same object- you need to explain how the energy changes) Answer: A car sitting at a red light has potential energy, as it is not moving. When the light turns green and the car accelerates, it changes to kinetic energy.

14. Short Answer What are the two ‘families’ of simple machines, and which machines belong in each? Answer: The two families of simple machines are the inclined plane and the lever. The inclined plane family includes the incline plane, screw, and wedge. The lever family includes the lever, wheel and axle, and pulley

15. Short Answer Which of Newton’s Laws is the Law of Inertia? Why? Answer: Newton’s 1 st Law is the Law of Inertia because it states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion at the same speed and in the same direction until acted upon by an unbalanced force. Inertia is an object’s ability to remain at rest or in motion.

16. Short Answer Give an example of energy transfer, and explain what type of energy it starts out as and what type of energy it changes into. Answer: One type of energy transfer is turning on a mixer, for example, to make cupcake batter. The energy starts out as electric energy and turns into mechanical kinetic energy when the blades start spinning

17. Short Answer Explain Newton’s 3 rd Law of Motion and give an example of how you have demonstrated it? Answer: Newton’s 3 rd Law of Motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. We have done several labs demonstrating this law, including the clacker lab. When the balls would hit each other, they would move away from each other- it was always and equal and opposite reaction