Theme 4: America and the World 1754–2010

 France (with native help) vs. Great Britain  British Generals George Washington and William Pitt  French Commander Marquis de Montcalm  Fighting over the Ohio River Valley  Natives gave French the clear advantage  Knowledge of land

Outcome of war  Britain would finally gain victory after a 9 year war.  Gained land from the Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River.

US Frustration  Sugar Act  Stamp Act  Intolerable Acts  Boston Tea Party  Boston Massacre

 Minutemen – civilian soldiers  Paul Revere’s ride – “The British are coming”

 Olive Branch Petition – hope for peace  George Washington – General of Continental Army

 New York – Brittan puts together Army of 32,000  Battle of Trenton – Washington crosses the Delaware river – sneak attack

 British try to cut off New England from the rest of the colonies  Take too much stuff with them  Patriots defeat British  Guerilla Warfare, killing officers  British stay away from interior and stick to the coast

 Ice cold winter camp 1777  Food runs low  British in warm homes  French come to help Patriots  Much needed, Navy

 British overtakes most of the southern colonies  General Charles Cornwallis  Help from slaves

 Patriots slowly wear down British numbers  Big help from the French  Treaty of Paris – Cornwallis surrenders  1783  US gains land from Atlantic to Mississippi

 Elected in 1800  Average guy – simplified presidency  Louisiana Purchase – from France  $18 per square mile  Doubles size of U.S.  Lewis and Clark  Explore the west, find a northwest passage  Sacagawea

 Causes: War between Britain and France, Tecumseh’s Native American Confederacy  President Jefferson ordered an embargo on British goods  Ban on exporting to a specific country  Blockade – seal up ports, by the British in America

 War in Canada  War at sea to break the blockade  British burn Washington D.C.  White House  Treaty of Ghent  Created Canadian border at 49 th parallel  Dual ownership of Oregon

 Settlement of the border with Canada:  1818-border with Canada as 49 th parallel  1842-settled dispute between Maine and New Brunswick and boundary involving Great Lakes  Webster-Ashburton Treaty  1846-Oregon Treaty-settled dispute over Oregon Territory at 49 th parallel

 Americans moved to FL and started a rebellion  Gen. Jackson fought Seminoles and invades FL  Treaty of 1819  US Gains FL  Pays $5 million for damages to Spain  Define Western limits of Louisiana Purchase  Spain gives up claims to Pacific Northwest  US recognizes Spanish authority over TX

 Mexico gained independence from Spain-1821  Opened up Texas for American settlement  Empresarios – recruited people to come  Stephen F. Austin  Austin desired Texas self-governance  Met with Mexican Pres. Santa Anna  Austin imprisoned  Texas revolts

 Alamo – San Antonio, TX  4,000 Mexicans vs. 187 Texas rebels  Jim Bowie, Davie Crockett – All rebels killed  Goliad – 300 rebels killed  San Jacinto – 630 Mexicans killed in minutes  Sam Houston – “Remember the Alamo”  Texas Independence – 1836  Texas became a state in 1845

 Mexico furious about Texas  US Pres. James Polk  Negotiations to buy CA, NM, AZ failed  Zachary Taylor ordered to march on the Rio Grande

 Shots fired at Rio Grande kill 9 Americans  War begins  Stephen Kearney took NM without firing a shot  Quick victory in CA – Bear Flag Republic  Thousands of troops invade Mexico  Took Mexico City on Sept. 14, 1847

 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo  CA, NV, UT, AZ, CO, WY  $15 million  Gadsden Purchase - $10 million  Southern AZ, Yuma