1. Manifest Destiny and the Addition of Land
Level 1
Manifest Destiny and the Addition of Land

2. Vocabulary
Sectionalism: a loyalty to a section of the country instead of the nation itself
Diplomats: a person appointed by a government to conduct negotiations and continue friendly relations
Military Dictator: government in which the military is in charge of the country
Oregon Trail: a route used to migrate west to Oregon
Annex: add to
Transcontinental Railroad: a train route that crossed America

3. Essential Question
How did adding land increase sectionalism?

4. “(It is)… our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty.” John L. O’Sullivan, newspaper columnist, 1845

6. Louisiana Purchase
1803 US offered $10 million to France for New Orleans
US paid $15 million for all of the French lands in the west (about 4 cents an acre).
Doubled the US
photo

7. Lewis and Clark
Lewis and Clark explored the Northwest to find a waterway joining the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean.
Sacajawea, a Shoshone, guided them.
photo

8. Adding Land in the North
Convention of 1818 signed between US and Britain
US got the Red River Basin
Oregon Territory would be used by both countries
Resource:

9. Adding Florida Problems: Actions: Result:
Natives attacked settlements in GA
Runaway slaves found safety in Florida
Actions:
1818 Jackson went to Florida with about 3,000 soldiers and took Fort Pensacola and Fort Marks
Spain was fighting in Latin America and didn’t want a war with the US
Result:
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) US bought Florida for $5 million and Spain gave up claim to the Pacific Northwest
Picture:

10. Adding Texas Americans settled in Texas when it was part of Mexico.
Mexico had freed their slaves in 1821 but Texans wanted to keep their slaves because of cotton.
Mexico got Independence from Spain but was led by the military dictator General Santa Anna who got rid of Mexico’s Constitution ending states’ rights (1836).
Texas declared independence from Mexico in 1836.
Santa Anna invaded the Republic of Texas and attacked at the Alamo.
187 frontiersmen defended it for 13 days from 5,000 Mexican troops.
Mexican troops won and killed every soldier.
7 weeks later rallying under the battle cry “Remember the Alamo” Houston beat Santa Anna and took him prisoner; chased the Mexican army back into Mexico
Sam Houston became the President of Texas.
Texas asked to join the US but wasn’t allowed to until 1845 because it wanted slavery.

11. Adding the Northwest Polk won the election of 1844.
Wanted to extend Oregon’s border to 54,40’
1842 Americans settled the Oregon territory by using the Oregon Trail
Rally cry “54,40’ or Fight!”
US and Britain made a compromise creating the border at the 49th north latitude

12. Adding the Southwest President Polk offered Mexico
$4.5 million to settle claims for damages from the Mexico civil wars if Mexico agreed that the Rio Grande was Texas’s southern border.
$5 million for New Mexico
$25 million for California
Mexico was insulted.
Mexican government was taken over again by a military dictatorship named General Mariano Paredes
Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor into disputed territory between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers.
Surprise attack by Mexico on an American patrol that killed 11 led to the Battle of Buena Vista
Congress declared war.
Interactive timeline
Picture:

13. Adding the Southwest The Mexican War:
Polk ordered General Winfield Scott to take Mexico City.
Captain Robert E. Lee moved in and won the battle.
1,733 killed in combat total
11,550 died from lack of medical care
16% of soldiers died
Resource: America The last Best Hope Volume I by William J. Bennett
Picture:

14. Adding the Southwest
Americans went into New Mexico with the help of the Mormon Brigade.
CA left Mexico and became the “Bear Flag Republic” and waited to join the US.
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo 1848: Mexico gave up New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, Nevada and CA (called the Mexican Cession) and recognized the Rio Grande as the southern border of the US; US paid $15 million
Use the link to show the students that there were more battles. You don’t need to go into detail for them.
Resource:
Resource: America The last Best Hope Volume I by William J. Bennett
Picture:

15. Adding the Southwest Gadsden Purchase
US wanted to create a southern transcontinental railroad joining the west and the south.
1853 Mexico needed money and accepted $10 million for the land.
After the Civil War a southern transcontinental railroad was built through this territory to CA.
Picture from:

16. Essential Question
How did adding land increase sectionalism?