1. To The West

2. Westward Expansion Size of the U.S. 1790 900,000 Sq Mi 1850 3,000,000 Sq Mi

3. Early Settlement and Texas IN early 1820s about 3,000 illegal immigrants lived in Mexico Mexico Government: Passed Mexican Colonization Law Goal immigrants would become loyal Mexican Citizens

4. Texas Colonizers Stephen Austin Empresarios moved Am. Families to Mexico Agents received land grants in return for recruiting settlers Over 35,000 Am. Moved to TX by 1835

5. Texas War for Independence Goal of Texans – More autonomy Goal of Santa Anna – Limit the power of Mexican states Results –Texas War for Independence began in October 2, 1835

6. Texas War for Independence Texans vs. Mexico Sam Houston led Texan Army Some Am. volunteered for TX army, but the U.S. gov. did not get involved.

7. Texas War for Independence Major Battles Alamo – 187 Texans vs. 5,000 Mexicans Goliad –Texan POW’s were killed San Jacinto –Texans defeated Santa Anna and won independence

8. Lone Star Republic Texans had won their independence and attempted to join the U.S. From 1836-1845 Texas was an independent nation: Lone Star Republic Sam Houston became the first President

9. Manifest Destiny

10. Manifest Destiny (1840s) The nation’s obvious destiny was that it expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

13. John Tyler A firm believer in manifest destiny; sought to strengthen the union through territorial expansion, most notably the annexation of the independent Republic of Texas.

16. James K. Polk From Mecklenburg County, NC!! Mexican-American War: Gave the United States most of its present Southwest. Established a new treasury system that lasted until 1913 Oversaw the opening of the U.S. Naval Academy and the Smithsonian Institution, the groundbreaking for the Washington Monument, and the issuance of the first postage stamps in the United States.

17. James Polk Promised to Acquire Oregon, Texas and California Retire after one term as President After his election but prior to his inauguration Texas is admitted into the Union

18. Oregon Oregon was jointly occupied by G.B. and the U.S. Americans outnumbered the British Polk’s Slogan “54⁰ 40’ or fight” Negotiated with Great Britain for the Oregon Treaty of 1846

19. Mexican-American War Polk tried to purchase California, New Mexico, and gain recognition of U.S. sovereignty over Texas Mexico refused to meet to discuss the deal Polk sent troops under Zachary Taylor Americans troops were attacked Congress declared war in May of 1846

20. Opposition to Polk Weakened Congressional power to declare war Threat of the expansion of slavery to new areas War of conquest

22. Important People of Mexican-American War Zachary Taylor Monterrey and Buena Vista Stephen Kearney New Mexico John C. Freemont California Winfield Scott Occupied Mexico City

23. Results of Mexican-American War 13,000 Americans died 110 per 1,000 died Experience for future commanders in the Civil War Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Rio Grande became border between Mexico and U.S. U.S. received California and territory in Southwest U.S. gave Mexico $15 million

25. Zachary Taylor Believed in a strong banking system And that slavery did not need to be in the new western states due lack of necessity of a plantation economy. Died in office of an unknown digestive problem after a holiday party.