The Muscular System 5 Lesson 5.1: Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions Lesson 5.2: Skeletal Muscle Actions Lesson 5.3: The Major Skeletal Muscles Lesson 5.4: Common Injuries and Disorders of Muscles

Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions Chapter 5: The Muscular System Lesson 5.1 Muscle Tissue Categories and Functions

Muscle Tissue categories functions skeletal smooth cardiac behavioral properties tension and types of skeletal muscle contractions

Muscle Tissue Categories skeletal voluntary striated smooth involuntary no striations cardiac intercalated disks

Muscle Tissue Categories

Skeletal Muscle Organization sarcolemma and endomysium surrounds the muscle fiber perimysium bundles groups of muscle fibers to make up a fascicle epimysium encloses several fascicles to make up a muscle aponeurosis connects muscle to other tissues

Skeletal Muscle Organization

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Smooth muscle is voluntary. 2. Cardiac muscle has branching fibers. 3. Smooth muscle is multinucleate. 4. Perimysium wraps fascicles to make a muscle. 5. Endomysium surrounds the muscle fibers.

Behavioral Properties of Muscle extensibility–stretch elasticity–snap back irritability–respond contractility–shorten

Muscle Tissue Functions tension and types of skeletal muscle contraction agonist–moves bone antagonist–opposes the movement of the agonist

Concentric Contraction agonist contracts, antagonist relaxes

Eccentric Contraction agonist contracts while lengthening, antagonist relaxes

Isometric Contraction both agonist and antagonist contract

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–5 below: extensibility, elasticity, irritability, contractility, agonist, antagonist. 1. respond 2. opposes movement 3. stretch 4. shorten 5. causes movement

Skeletal Muscle Actions Chapter 5: The Muscular System Lesson 5.2 Skeletal Muscle Actions

Skeletal Muscle the motor unit skeletal fiber types muscular strength, power, and endurance

The Motor Unit group of muscle fibers under the control of one motor neuron

Generating Action Potentials acetylcholine crosses the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction depolarization takes place on muscle fiber action potential begins

Contraction of the Sarcomeres sarcomeres shorten by actin filaments sliding along myosin filaments

Maximum Tension and Return to Relaxation action potential always causes entire motor unit muscle fibers to contract all-or-none law

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. An action potential causes one half of the fibers in the motor unit to contract. 2. Acetylcholine crosses the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction. 3. The sarcomeres lengthen by myosin filaments sliding over actin filaments.

Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types slow-twitch fast-twitch type IIa type IIb

Skeletal Muscle Fiber Architecture parallel fiber arrangements fusiform (biceps brachii) bundled (rectus abdominis) triangular (pectoralis major) pennate fiber arrangements unipennate (extensor digitorum) bipennate (rectus femoris) multipennate (deltoid)

Muscular Strength rotary force that muscles can produce at a joint the maximum weight you can lift is a measurement of muscular strength

Muscle Power force x velocity how fast you can sprint is a measurement of muscle power

Muscle Endurance muscle tension/time how far you can run is a measurement of muscle endurance

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–5 below: muscle endurance, muscular strength, muscle power, Type I, Type IIb. 1. force x velocity 2. muscle tension/time 3. rotary force that muscles can produce at a joint 4. slow twitch, slow fatigue 5. fast twitch, fast fatigue

The Major Skeletal Muscles Chapter 5: The Muscular System Lesson 5.3 The Major Skeletal Muscles

The Major Skeletal Muscles directional motions head and neck muscles trunk muscles upper limb muscles lower limb muscles

Skeletal Muscle Attachments origin fixed end of a muscle insertion movable end of a muscle

Sagittal Plane Movements flexion extension hyperextension dorsiflexion plantar flexion

Frontal Plane Movements abduction adduction inversion eversion radial deviation ulnar deviation

Transverse Plane Movements medial rotation lateral rotation pronation supination

Multiplanar Movements circumduction opposition

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Circumduction is a multiple plane movement. 2. Supination is a multiple plane movement. 3. The insertion is the fixed end of a muscle. 4. Extension is a sagittal plane movement. 5. Adduction is a frontal plane movement.

Head and Neck Muscles

Head and Neck Muscles Frontalis: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead Orbicularis oculi: closes eyes, enables squinting Nasalis: modifies size of nostrils Orbicularis oris: closes lips, kissing motion Zygomaticus: the “smiling muscle” Platysma: pulls corners of mouth down, opens mouth wide Masseter: closes the jaw Temporalis: assists the masseter with closing jaw Sternocleidomastoid: flexion and rotation of head

Trunk Muscles

Trunk Muscles Pectoralis major: adduction and flexion of the arm Rectus abdominis: flexion/lateral flexion of trunk External oblique: flexion/lateral flexion/rotation trunk Internal oblique: flexion/lateral flexion/rotation trunk Trapezius: extension and hyperextension of head Erector spinae: extension/lateral flexion/rotation spine

Upper Limb Muscles

Upper Limp Muscles Deltoid: abduction, flexion, extension, and rotation of arm Latissimus dorsi: extension, adduction, and medial rotation of arm Biceps brachii: flexion of forearm Brachialis: flexion of forearm Brachioradialis: flexion of forearm Triceps brachii: extension of forearm

Lower Limb Muscles

Lower Limb Muscles Gluteus maximus: extension and lateral rotation of leg Gluteus medius: abduction and medial rotation of leg Iliopsoas: flexion of leg at hip Quadriceps: extension of leg at knee Hamstrings: flexion of leg at knee Sartorius: assists with flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of thigh Gastrocnemius: plantar flexion, flexion of leg at knee Soleus: plantar flexion Tibialis anterior: dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: head, trunk, upper limb, lower limb. 1. temporalis 2. brachioradialis 3. external oblique 4. biceps femoris

Common Injuries and Disorders of Muscles Chapter 5: The Muscular System Lesson 5.4 Common Injuries and Disorders of Muscles

Muscle Injuries strain–overstretched muscle contusion–bruised muscle grade I, II, III contusion–bruised muscle myositis ossificans cramps–spasming muscle delayed onset muscle soreness–tear

Tendon Injuries tendinitis–inflamed tendon tendinosis–degeneration of a tendon Val Thoermer/Shutterstock.com

Joint Injuries rotational injury at shoulder overuse of elbow shin splints whiplash

Muscle Disorders muscular dystrophy hernia

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Tendinitis is muscle strain. 2. A contusion is a bruise. 3. Whiplash is a joint injury. 4. A hernia is a tendon injury. 5. A strain is an over stretch of a tendon.