Chapter 10 Blood

Physical Characteristics Fluid –Living 45% Cells –RBC Erythrocytes (carry oxygen) –WBC Leukocytes (immune) –Platelets (clotting) –Non living (Matrix) 55% Plasma (straw colored) –90% water –10 % »Salt, nutrients, proteins (albumin), waste, gases, hormones HEMOCRIT: Ratio of RBCs to Plasma BUFFY COAT

Blood in the BODY 5-6 liters = 6 quarts pH of Color is dependent on amount of Oxygen –More oxygen = brighter the red –Less oxygen = duller the red

BLOOD HISTOLOGY RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS

Erythrocytes RBC –Lack Nucleus –Hemoglobin (250,000,000/rbc) –4 Fe/ Hemoglobin –Fe binds to Oxygen Lack of RBC –Hemorrhagic, hemolytic Lack of Hemoglobin –Iron Deficiency Malformed RBC –Sickle cell anemia

BLOOD HISTOLOGY RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS

MONOCYTE

Basophil

EOSINOPHIL

Lymphocyte

Neutrophil

Neutrophil and Lymphocyte

Platelet and Neutrophil

Monocyte and Lymphocyte

Leukocytes WBC Can move in and out of circulatory system (blood and lymph) into tissues –Diapededis –Immune response in areas of trauma to fight infection ,000 = Normal Levels  11,000 Leukocytosis < 11,000 Leukopenia (drugs/steroids)

Leukocyte Classification Granules: –Neutrophil Acute infection –Eosinophils Allergy –Basophils Histamine for sites of inflammation

Leukocyte Classification No Granules –Lymphocytes B and T cells –Tumors and viruses »Long term immunity –Monocytes Inactive macrophages –Chronic infections –“pac man”

Platelet

Platelets Megacells that “divide and conquer” during blood loss. –Regulated by thrombopoitin Hemostasis “stop blood loss” –Release collagen fibers (net) –Release platelets (stick in net) Platelets cause serotonin to be released which causes the vessel to shrink = less blood –Thrombin Release fibrin to cement the clot

Clotting Disorders Clotting –Thrombus Large clot that reduce blood flow –Embolus Broken off thrombus that can lead to an embolism (stuck in capillary and break vessel) TREATMENT ANTICOAGULANTS –Bleeding Lack platelets –Thrombocytopenia Lack all clotting factors –Hemophilia

Blood Cell Formation Hematopoiesis –Made in red bone marrow (flat bones) Precursor cell is a hemocytoblast –Takes 5-7 days to make these cells –Myeloid (red) –Lymphoid (white) –Regulated by erthropoietin (rbcs live 120 days and are broken down by Liver and spleen

BLOOD TYPES

UNIVERSALITY BLOOD TYPE SURFACE PROTEIN ANTIBODYRECEIVE FROM A ABA or O B BAB or O AB NoneA, B, AB, O Universal acceptor O NoneA, B0 Universal Donor