1. Blood and the Lymphatic System

2. What is blood?
Blood is a connective tissue containing both dissolved substances and cells.

3. What is plasma?
Plasma is a straw-colored liquid that makes up 55% of the blood volume.
Contains:
Water
Dissolved Gasses
Nutrients
Salts
Enzymes
Hormones
Waste Products
Plasma Proteins

4. What are plasma proteins?
Plasma proteins transport materials, help blood clot, fight off infections and regulate blood pressure.
Fibrin fibers sealing a wound

5. Three groups of blood cells:
Red Blood Cells (RBC’s)/erythrocytes
White Blood Cells / leukocytes
Platelets

6. Red Blood Cells Disc shaped cells with a thinner center.
Contain hemoglobin
Protein that carries oxygen
Produced by red bone marrow
Destroyed by liver and spleen

7. Sickle-Cell Anemia
Sickle-Cell Anemia is a disorder of the red blood cells.
The red blood cells have a different form of hemoglobin.
This type of hemoglobin prevents malaria infection.
The hemoglobin collapses in low-oxygen areas, causing a C-shaped red blood cells.

8. Sickle Cell Anemia
The sickle shaped cells can get stuck in blood vessels causing painful clots.
Day-to-day care includes:
Getting lots of fluid
Taking folic acid – which helps produce RBC’s
Avoiding low oxygen situations – plane flights, strenuous exercise.

9. Blood Types
Each RBC has two categories of proteins attached to the outside.
One is the ABO group.
A, B, AB, O
One is the Rh group.
+, -

10. Blood Transfusion
Blood types must be compatible or dangerous complications can occur.
A may receive A or O
B may receive B or O
O can only receive O
+ can receive –
- can only receive -

11. White Blood Cells
Guard against infection by destroying bacteria and stimulating the immune system
Number increases dramatically when an illness occurs
Can move out of blood into tissues

12. Types of White Blood Cells
White blood cells have four different types:
Neutrophils
Esinophils
Basophils
Monocytes

13. Platelets Cell fragments made in red bone marrow
Become sticky when near damaged tissue and help form a clot by releasing clotting factors

14. Hemophilia
Genetic disorder caused by lacking one or more clotting factors
Severity depends on which clotting factor is missing
Treatment- injections of clotting factor when injury occurs

15. Lymphatic System
The pressure of blood moving through the vessels forces some fluid into the surrounding tissues.
The lymphatic system returns the fluid back into the circulatory system at the subclavian vein.

16. Parts of the Lymphatic System
Lymph – fluid in tissues
Lymph vessels – tubes that carry lymph back to the subclavian vein
Lymph nodes – bean-shaped enlargements that trap bacteria for the immune system to destroy.

17. Parts of the Lymphatic System
Thymus- Produces a type of white blood cell (T-cell) found in lymph.
Spleen – acts as a large bacteria and microorganism filter