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BLOOD.

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Presentation on theme: "BLOOD."— Presentation transcript:

1 BLOOD

2 Functions of Blood Transportation Regulation Protection
oxygen and carbon dioxide nutrients, hormones, metabolic wastes heat Regulation pH through buffer systems body temperature osmotic pressure within cells Protection clot blood Fight disease

3 Components of Blood Plasma = straw colored liquid portion
Water = 92% Solutes – electrolytes, hormones, gases, etc. = 8% Formed Elements = Blood Cells Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes

4 Plasma and Serum Plasmapheresis: separates plasma from blood cells
Serum --when blood clotting factors are removed

5 Hematopoiesis Production of blood cells occurs in red bone marrow
From stem cells called Hemocytoblasts Erythropoietin produced in the kidneys starts new RBCs (see pg 372)

6 Erythrocytes (RBC’s) Carry Hemoglobin --gives whole blood it’s red color Have no nucleus Live about 120 days

7 Hemoglobin Heme = iron – contains 4 per globin –gives blood it’s color
Globin = protein ( carries some CO2)

8 Leukocytes (WBC’s) main function protection from foreign particles
Two Main Types: Granulocytes Agranulocytes

9 Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils
Phagocytes – most numerous Eosinophils Removes allergens, reduces inflammation, increase with virus Basophils promotes inflammation by secreting histamines Heparin to prevent blood clotting

10 Agranulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes produce antibodies T and B cells)
become Macrophages Large “large eaters”

11 Thrombocytes (Platelets)
Clot blood (hemostasis) and repair damaged blood vessels life span of about 5 to 9 days

12 Hemostasis mechanism by which bleeding is stopped
Three Basic Mechanisms Vascular Spasms Platelet Plug Formation Coagulation (Clotting)

13 Vascular Spasm contraction of the smooth muscles in the vascular walls of a damaged blood vessel reflexes from pain receptors

14 Platelet Plug Formation
Platelet Adhesion = platelets contact and stick to walls of damaged vessels Platelet Release Reaction = platelets extend projections and release content of their granules Platelet Aggregation = platelets gather in area of wound or injury forms a Platelet Plug to stop bleeding

15 Coagulation (Clotting)
Several steps needed for process to work Intrinsic (within blood) Extrinsic (within tissues) forms a Clot = a network of fibrinogen(protein fibers) changes to fibrin

16 Coagulation Fibrinogen changed to fibrin

17 Thrombus and Embolus Thrombus: stationary clot
Embolus: traveling clot – effects 4 organs – heart, lungs, brain and kidneys Clot may be blood, gas, fat, wastes, etc.

18 ABO Blood Typing each parent contributes antigens (agglutinogens), or lack of antigens to their offspring O + O = O blood type A + O and A + A = A blood type B + O and B + B = B blood type A + B = AB blood type

19 Rh Factor Presence or absence of Protein D on erythrocyte
May effect – mother’s 2nd pregnancy May cause Hemolytic disease of the newborn.

20 THE END OF BLOOD

21

22

23 bicuspid

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25 bicuspid


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