1. Blood

2. Function of Blood
Transports gases (O2 and CO2), nutrients and waste products
2. Regulates body’s internal environment (i.e. body temp.)
3. Blood components fight infection
4. Form clots to repair damaged blood vessels

3. What is Blood? Type of connective tissue
Blood is made up of cellular material in a fluid called plasma
Makes up 6-8% of total body mass (4-6 liters)
45% = Cellular material
55% = Plasma

4. What is Blood Plasma? 90% water
10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products, and plasma proteins

5. Cells in the Blood
Blood is a circulating tissue consisting of three types of cells.
Red blood cells -
Erythrocytes
White blood cells -
Leukocytes
Platelets -
Thrombocytes

6. Red Blood Cells Most numerous Formed in the bone marrow No nucleus
Life span days
Transports O2 and CO2
Red color comes from hemoglobin

7. Hemoglobin Iron containing protein Binds to oxygen in lungs
Transports oxygen to tissues throughout body

8. White Blood Cells Few (1 WBC for every 1000 RBC)
Produced in the bone marrow
Primary cells of the immune system
Life span - 24 hr to 2 years
Also called Leukocytes

9. White Blood Cells “Army” of Circulatory System
Guard against infection
Attack foreign material (bacteria, fungi, parasites)
Produce antibodies

10. Platelets & Blood Clotting
Platelets are cell fragments found in blood
Formed in bone marrow
Life span days
Role in blood clotting

11. Blood Type
Blood type is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited surface antigens
Blood types: A, B, AB, O

12. Blood Type Blood types are inherited from both parents.
A and B alleles - dominant, O allele - recessive

13. Blood Disorder: Hemophilia
Hemophilia = genetic disorder
Clotting process does not work
Single base mutation

14. Blood Disorder Sickle Cell Anemia
Red blood cells are sickle shaped
Can’t carry as much O2
Block blood flow in vessels
Genetic disorder

15. Blood Disorder: Leukemia
Form of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many white blood cells
Normal
Leukemia

16. STOP HERE!

17. Plasma Proteins Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen
Albumin & Globulin - Transport substances
Albumin - Regulates osmotic pressure and blood volume
Fibrinogen - important for blood clotting

18. Steps of Blood Clotting
Platelets contact edges of broken blood vessel
Platelet surface becomes sticky
Platelets cluster around wound
Platelets release clotting factors
Thromboplastin converts prothrombin to thrombin
Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibers, which form a clot

19. Lymphatic System Network of vessels, nodes and organs
Collects fluid (lymph) lost by blood and returns it back to circulatory system

20. Lymph Fluid lost by blood into surrounding tissue
Ducts collect lymph and return it to circulatory system
Lymph moves by osmotic pressure and skeletal muscle contractions
Lymph vessels near intestines absorb fats & fat soluble vitamins
Carries it from digestive tract to blood
Edema = swelling of tissues due to accumulation of excess fluid

21. Lymph Nodes Filters that trap bacteria and other microorganisms
Becomes enlarged when trapping many microorganisms (when you are sick)

22. Thymus Lymphocyte = white blood cells
T-cell (type of lymphocyte) made in thymus
T-cells recognize foreign invaders

23. Spleen Cleans blood Removes damaged blood cells
Harbors phagocytes (cells that engulf and destroy pathogens)