Plant Structure and Function Chapter 31

Plant cells: Parenchyma Large central vacuole Storage of water Form the bulk of non- woody plants

Plant cells: Collenchyma Thicker cell wall – more support

Plant cells: Sclerenchyma Thick cell wall – support in areas that are no longer growing.

Dermal Tissue Systems Outside covering of the plant Epidermis is often covered by a cuticle. Openings in leaf and stem are called stomata.

Ground Tissue System Storage, metabolism, support.

Vascular Tissue System Transport and support. Xylem - water Phloem – organic materials

Growth in Meristems Apical Meristem – length – tips of roots and stems. Intercalary meristem – length between nodes – between the tip and base of stems & leaves Lateral meristems – increase width

Lateral Meristem - Secondary Growth Vascular cambium – makes more vascular tissue. Cork cambium – produces cork.

Roots

Types of roots Taproot – largest Fibrous root

Root Structure Root cap – makes slimy substance Root hairs Apical meristem

Roots Monocot Root Dicot Root

Root Functions Absorb water and minerals Anchor the plant Store carbohydrates (phloem)

Stems Node Bud – can make new shoot

Monocot vs. Dicot Stem

Woody Dicots Wood is produced from xylem Bark is produced from phloem & cork

Nutrient Transport Pressure – flow hypothesis

Explain: How does water move up the plant?

Water transport Cohesion Adhesion

Leaf Structure Stomata Mesophyll – where photosynthesis occurs. Veins

Leaf Function Photosynthesis, gas exchange, capture sunlight. Sun leafs – thicker, more chloroplasts. Stomata – guard cells