Movies are life with the boring parts cut out. You can remove those boring parts by managing video time

Real-World  Speed: Time is always a fixed speed  Flow: Real-world time is always continuous  Direction: Past-Present-Future  Coherence: Everything is exactly the same “point in time” Video-World  The opposite of real-world time because nothing about it is constant. All aspects of time are controlled by the filming and editing

 Two ways to change the time speed: 1. Alter the actual speed within the shot 2. Alter the apparent speed of the action

 Record or play a shot at a slower or faster rate than normal ◦ Examples:  Slow motion- 2 people slowly run towards each other in a field of flowers  Fast motion- a flower blooms in a few brief seconds

Sets the mood and feeling ◦ Slow-Motion  Dreamlike or romantic (running thru a field of flowers)  Nightmarish (falling in slow motion)  Nostalgic (remember the 80-yard touchdown pass) ◦ Fast-Motion  Funny (old silent films: chases)  Time lapse (Sun rising/moon setting or clouds moving)

 It is between shots that time is expanded or condensed. 1.Slow down time by overlapping action 2.Speed up time by omitting action ◦ Examples:  Overlap Action for Slow-Motion: Fast motion- a flower blooms in a few brief seconds

Example: Dramatize the feeling of walking down a flight of stairs- First film from above, then again from below. Insert pic. 4-4 pg. 49 To extend the time, the editor shows the actor walking down steps 1 thru 10, then changes angles and shows her walking down steps 5 thru 10.

Example: Enhance the rushed feeling of the scene- Cut out repetitive or uninteresting action To shorten the time, the editor shows the actor walking down steps 1 thru 3, then changes angles and shows her walking down steps 9 thru 10.

 Serial Time Flow: a stream of events moving forward in a single sequence. ◦ Ex: the actor showers, gets dressed, eats breakfast, leaves for work

 Parallel Time Flow: two or more sequences of action that are happening at the same time. ◦ Ex: one actor is hanging off the roof, while the other actor is shown racing up the stairs to get to him. Called Cross Cutting

 Disjointed Time Flow: Shots are recorded out of chronological order and then reorganized into proper sequence during the editing process.

Video allows us to jump forward and backward in time.  Time Running Backward: reverse-motion can also be used to simulate actions that would otherwise be impossible ◦ Ex: two actors leaping from the ground to a wall six feet high. They could be filmed jumping off, from the top to the ground, then the editor can reverse it.

 Flashing Backward (& Forward): jumping from present time to the future or past. ◦ Ex: At a 25 th high school reunion, classmates reminisce back to their high school days, we watch it unfold as the film jump backs 25 years.

Pull moments apart by splitting their video and audio components and mixing them with other moments. Voiceover narration Ex: When a boy on the screen delivers newspapers from his bicycle as an adult voice says, “Little did I know what would happen on the Spring day so long ago…,” the picture is unfolding at one point in time, while the sound is at a point years later.

Split Edit: a transition from one shot to another in which the video and audio portions do not change simultaneously Image 4-9 Image 4-10