The Present Subjunctive (with Ojalá) P. 339 Avancemos 2

The Subjunctive l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

The Subjunctive l Aprendo francés para mi viaje.

The Subjunctive l Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.

The Subjunctive l We use it to say what one person does or doesnt want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.

The Subjunctive l A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que. l For example:

The Subjunctive l Recomendamos que Uds. hablen con un agente de viajes. l We recommend that you speak with a travel agent.

The Subjunctive l ¿Quiere Ud. que escribamos nuestros nombres en las maletas. l Do you want us to write our names on our suitcases?

The Subjunctive l Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:

2 Clauses Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés Independent clause (stands on its own) Subject > Verb Separated by the word que Dependent clause (cant stand on its own) Begins with the word que. Indicative Verb Subjunctive Verb

The Subjunctive l The first subject uses the present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, and so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

The Subjunctive l Verbs that are often follewed by que + subjunctive: l Decir l Insistir en l Necesitar l Permitir l Preferir (e > ie) l Prohibir l Querer (e > ie) l Recomendar (e > ie) l Sugerir (e > ie) l Ojalá

The Subjunctive l We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands.

The Subjunctive l We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings.

The Subjunctive l For -ar verbs: l e, es, e, emos, éis, en l For -er/-ir verbs: l a, as, a, amos, áis, an

HABLAR hable hables hable hablemos habléis hablen

COMER coma comas coma comamos comáis coman

VIVIR viva vivas viva vivamos viváis vivan

The Subjunctive l The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands and Ud./Uds. commands.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs l As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add ag to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a g in the present subjunctive.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs l caerse l decir l hacer l poner l salir l tener l traer

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs hacer hag-ohaga tener teng-otenga

HACER haga hagas haga hagamos hagáis hagan

TENER tenga tengas tenga tengamos tengáis tengan

The Subjunctive l -gar, -car, -zar verbs: l -gar: g > gu l -car: c > qu l -zar: z > c

LLEGAR (g > gu) llegue llegues llegue lleguemos lleguéis lleguen

BUSCAR (c > qu) busque busqes busque busquemos busquéis busquen

CRUZAR (z > c) cruce cruces cruce crucemos crucéis crucen

The Subjunctive (with Ojalá) l Fact: (indicative) Ganamos un premio hoy. Were winning a prize today. l Hope: (subjunctive) ¡Ojalá que ganemos un premio hoy! I hope that we win a prize today!

The Subjunctive l Stem-changing –ar and –er verbs in the present tense also change in the subjunctive.

PENSAR (e > ie) piense pienses piense pensemos penséis piensen

PODER (o > ue) puede puedes puede puedemos puedéis pueden