SOCIAL STUDIES iLeap Review

Hunters and gatherers wandering/nomadic lifestyles Used animals for food, clothing, and shelter Bones used for tools Hunted animals and gathered plant, berries, for food

Domesticate To tame plants and animals for human use

Why were plants and animals domesticated? Animals were used to work Plow saved time and labor Plants were raised for food

Primary Sources Records and artifacts made by and for the people who lived in that time Artifacts, tools, letters

Secondary Sources Records made by people who were not part of an event Internet articles, magazines, replicas, encyclopedia, etc

What did the earliest settlers need to live? Water source (river valley) Mild climate for a long growing season Fertile soil for farming

How did artifacts from a civilization get to a new place? Trade caused artifacts and ideas to spread to new places

Mesopotamia Ziggurats-temples Sumerian city-states Code of Hammurabi “land between two rivers”

Egypt Ruled by Pharaohs Used irrigation Papyrus used to write/record Calendar for flooding seasons

Indus Valley Known for monsoon winds and rain storms

Phoenician Trade Trade with Egypt and Greece across the Mediterranean Sea Phonetic alphabet, indigo dye and cloth, boating and shipbuilding skills

Mandate of Heaven Chinese believed that heaven (God) gave their emperors the right to rule

Silk Road Trade routes that connect China and Asia to the lands around the Mediterranean Sea

Forms of Writing Greek – alphabet Egypt – hieroglyphics Chinese – symbols Sumerian - cuneiform

Alexander the Great Expanded the Greek empire through many conquests (into Asia, India, 330 BC Was made pharaoh of Egypt Hellenistic Period-blending of Greek and Asian cultures

Describe a classical civilization Major advancements in science and engineering Elaborate architecture Writing system, language, religious beliefs

Vassal In the Middle Ages, a noble who offered protection in return for the use of his land

Quran Holy book of Islam

Vedas Sacred books of the Hindu

Torah Sacred books of the Jewish (Judaism)

Hinduism Religion of the India Belief in many gods and reincarnation

Judaism Religion of the Jewish people Belief in many gods and reincarnation

Christianity Based on the teachings of Jesus Christ Jesus is son of God

Buddhism Based on the teachings of Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama)

Who is Siddhartha Gautama? Son of a wealthy king Saw suffering and wanted to end it Began religion of Buddhism He is called “Enlightened One”

Which two religions began in India? Hinduism Buddhism

Which three religions began with Abraham? Islam Judaism Christianity (monotheistic, holy city of Jerusalem)

Major River Civilizations Mesopotamia-Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (now Iraq) Egypt-Nile River China-Huang He (yellow)River Indus Valley-Indus River

Cuneiform Wedge-shaped writing from Mesopotamia

Oracle Bones From Ancient China To predict the future For religious and political purposes

Which civilization? ZigguratPyramids Egypt Mesopotamia

Which civilization? HieroglyphicsSilk Robe Ancient China Egypt

Which civilization? Terra Cotta ArmyShaduf Ancient Egypt Ancient China

Which civilization? Rugs and textilesGold Burial Mask Ancient Egypt Ancient Persia

Which civilization? Parthenon-columnsColiseum-arches Ancient Rome Ancient Greece

What was the purpose of the Great Wall of China? Protection from invaders

Ancient Greece Polytheistic Democratic form of government Legal trials with jury made of ordinary people

Athens Named for the Greek Goddess of Wisdom Lost Peloponnesian War against Sparta

Ancient Rome Representative Democratic form of government City of power for the Catholic Church

Describe the feudal system In the Middle Ages, this allowed the rulers to control large amounts of land Serfs- (poor) did all the farm labor For power, protection, wealth

Disease In 14 th century, Black plague killed thousands Plague spread easily along trade routes Death occurred quickly

Charlemagne Fought for Christianity Crowned emperor of Rome by the pope in 800 AD First Roman emperor

Who was Prince Henry the Navigator? Established school for navigation Encouraged sea exploration and trade Purpose: to get spices from Persia and China

Nautical innovations Shipbuilding Navigation tools astrolabe

Nautical innovations Shipbuilding Caravel with Lateen sail for speed

Nautical innovations Shipbuilding Galleon Frigate

How have humans adapted to their environment? For water: build levees, dams, irrigation systems Trade-establish trade routes Agriculture-use plants, crops native to that area

What are Push and Pull Factors? Push-pushes people out of an area –ex. Natural disasters and war Pull-pulls people into an area- ex. City improvements, jobs

What physical factors discourage migration? Mountains Deserts Waterfalls, large rivers

On a map: River Valley civilizations Mediterranean Sea Alexander the Great lands Silk Road Sea trade Routes