Overview of Abnormal Psych Lesson 1

Objectives Define abnormality. Review historical approaches to abnormality. Compare how different schools explain abnormal behavior. Identify how disorders are classified and problems with system. Discuss how society views mental illness.

What is normal? normal “Normal” “Abnormal” ◦ Standard ◦ Socially acceptable behavior w/in a culture ◦ Deviation from normality ◦ Distressful ◦ Dysfunctional

ReviewReview: History of Abnormal Behaviors Review Earliest Explanation? ◦ Evil Spirits – Trephining Ancient World ◦ Greeks – (Humors) Natural not supernatural forces Middle Ages ◦ Demonic possession Renaissance ◦ Scientific approach – mind can be sick American Reform ◦ Benjamin Rush & Dorothea Dix – humane treatment, asylums Scientific Advances ◦ Biological Basis, Imaging & Genetics, Psychopharmacology

TPS: Perspectives of Disorders Illness is the result of…. Can be treated by… Psychoanalytic Behavioral Cognitive Neurobiology Biopsychosocial

Perspectives of Disorders Illness is the result of….Can be treated by… Psychoanalytic Unconscious conflicts over aggressive & sexual impulses. Psychotherapy (“talking cure”) Behavioral Cognitive Neurobiology Biopsychosocial

Perspectives of Disorders Illness is the result of….Can be treated by… Psychoanalytic Unconscious conflicts over aggressive & sexual impulses. Psychotherapy (“talking cure”) Behavioral Reinforcement of inappropriate or extinction of appropriate behaviors. Behavior Therapy: Apply principles of learning to change/modify behavior Cognitive Neurobiology Biopsychosocial

Perspectives of Disorders Illness is the result of….Can be treated by… Psychoanalytic Behavioral Reinforcement of inappropriate or extinction of appropriate behaviors. Behavior Therapy: Apply principles of learning to change/modify behavior Cognitive Irrational or maladaptive thought processes Cognitive Therapy: Change thought processes Neurobiology Biopsychosocial

Perspectives of Disorders Illness is the result of….Can be treated by… Psychoanalytic Behavioral Cognitive Irrational or maladaptive thought processes Cognitive Therapy: Change thought processes Neurobiology Genetic abnormalities in brain structure & biochemistry. Medication Biopsychosocial Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Medication, Behavioral, Cognitive Therapies

Perspectives of Disorders Illness is the result of….Can be treated by… Psychoanalytic Behavioral Cognitive Neurobiology Genetic abnormalities in brain structure & biochemistry. Medication Biopsychosocial Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Medication, Behavioral, Cognitive Therapies

Conceptual Models Medical Model: Diagnose, treat, and cure mental illness. ◦ Diagnosis – distinguish among disorders ◦ Etiology – cause/origin of disorder ◦ Prognosis – course & outcome of disorder

Diagnosing Mental Illness Objective & Projective Tests Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ◦ Classification system ◦ Psychologists & Psychiatrists

DSM DSM-I (1952): ~60 mental disorders DSM-II (1968): Used Freudian terms psychoses (severe) & neuroses (mild) DSM-III (1980): Disorders caused by underlying psychological diseases. Intro 5 axes DSM-IV (1994): ~300 disorders, eliminated others (ex homosexuality) ◦ DSM-IV-TR (2000) DSM5 (2013): ~ 300 disorders, eliminated multiaxial system, added some (hoarding) eliminated others

Major DSM 5 Disorders Anxiety Mood Somatic Symptom Schizophrenia Spectrum Dissociative Personality Impulse Control & Conduct Feeding & Eating Substance-Related Sleep-Wake Disorders Sexual & Gender Identity Disorders Neurodevelopmental Disorders Neurocognitive Disorders

Criticisms of DSM Over diagnosis Huge spectrum Labels harmful Lacks reliability Controversial disorders NIMH rejected new version – won’t fund research

Mental Illness vs. Insanity Sane and Insane are legal terms Insanity – inability of defendant to distinguish right from wrong at time of crime TPS - Should the insanity plea be allowed or not?

Why Study Abnormal Psych? Prevalence Stigma / Misconceptions om/watch?v=WUaXF lANojQ om/watch?v=WUaXF lANojQ

Organizations & Goals APA NIMH Educate public Confront discrimination Challenge negative stereotypes Emphasize treatment works Achieve parity w/physical diseases

Closure What steps can high school students take to lessen the stigma often associated with psychological disorders?