AP Review Political Beliefs & Behaviors

Officeholder seeking reelection Officeholder seeking reelection Incumbent Incumbent

More votes than anyone else, but less than a majority (Clinton won with only 43% of the popular vote in 1992) More votes than anyone else, but less than a majority (Clinton won with only 43% of the popular vote in 1992) Plurality Plurality

Process by which one develops or acquires his/her political beliefs Process by which one develops or acquires his/her political beliefs Political socialization Political socialization

What agent of political socialization is most important? What agent of political socialization is most important? Family Family

Voting system wherein voters elect one candidate per district. Winner-take-all rule that strengthens the two-party system and weakens minor parties Voting system wherein voters elect one candidate per district. Winner-take-all rule that strengthens the two-party system and weakens minor parties Single member district Single member district

Campaign contributions donated to political parties, rather than directly to the candidate Campaign contributions donated to political parties, rather than directly to the candidate Soft money Soft money

Election that results in a long term change in party alignment Election that results in a long term change in party alignment Realignment Realignment Realigning election Realigning election Critical election Critical election

When voters identify less with the major parties, resulting in more split-ticket voting and more independent voters When voters identify less with the major parties, resulting in more split-ticket voting and more independent voters De-alignment De-alignment

Voting for candidates of one’s own party and for those of the opposing parties, such as voting for a Republican presidential candidate, but a Democrat for Congress Voting for candidates of one’s own party and for those of the opposing parties, such as voting for a Republican presidential candidate, but a Democrat for Congress Split ticket voting Split ticket voting

Primary election to choose a party’s candidate for the general election that is not open to independent voters Primary election to choose a party’s candidate for the general election that is not open to independent voters Closed primary Closed primary

Primary election open to independents and allows voters from any party to choose candidates from all the parties Primary election open to independents and allows voters from any party to choose candidates from all the parties Blanket primary Blanket primary

Primary election open to independents and allows voters to choose candidates from any one party Primary election open to independents and allows voters to choose candidates from any one party Open primary Open primary

An office extremely likely to be won by a particular candidate or party. Gerrymandering increases the creation of these An office extremely likely to be won by a particular candidate or party. Gerrymandering increases the creation of these Safe seats Safe seats

Casting votes only for candidates of one’s own party Casting votes only for candidates of one’s own party Straight ticket voting Straight ticket voting

The Tuesday in early March during which many presidential primaries, particularly in the South, are held. The Tuesday in early March during which many presidential primaries, particularly in the South, are held. Super Tuesday Super Tuesday

Campaign contributions made directly to the candidate running for office Campaign contributions made directly to the candidate running for office Hard money Hard money

One who is not registered with any political party One who is not registered with any political party Independent Independent

Set of beliefs about political values and the role of government Set of beliefs about political values and the role of government Ideology Ideology

Influence of a popular presidential candidate on the election of congressional candidates of the same party Influence of a popular presidential candidate on the election of congressional candidates of the same party Hint: men’s formal wear Hint: men’s formal wear Coattail effect Coattail effect

In what kind of election is voter turnout greatest? (around 50%) In what kind of election is voter turnout greatest? (around 50%) Presidential elections Presidential elections General election General election

What obstacle to high voter turnout rates was the Motor Voter Act meant to reduce? What obstacle to high voter turnout rates was the Motor Voter Act meant to reduce? Registration as a barrier Registration as a barrier

Lowest voter turnout rates belong to what demographic group? Lowest voter turnout rates belong to what demographic group? Youth Youth

What effect did passage of the 26 th Amendment (voting age lowered to 18) have? What effect did passage of the 26 th Amendment (voting age lowered to 18) have? Lowered voter turnout rate! Lowered voter turnout rate!

What characteristic is the single greatest predictor of voter turnout? What characteristic is the single greatest predictor of voter turnout? Education Education

What is the most solid (consistent) demographic voting block for Democrats? What is the most solid (consistent) demographic voting block for Democrats? African American African American

What do these have in common? In other words, what do the following characteristics lead to? What do these have in common? In other words, what do the following characteristics lead to? Higher income Higher income Older (but relatively healthy) Older (but relatively healthy) Whites more than Blacks more than Hispanics Whites more than Blacks more than Hispanics Educated Educated Higher voter turnout Higher voter turnout

For which political party do those who live in the South tend to vote? For which political party do those who live in the South tend to vote? Republican Republican

For which political party do those who live in New England, the Great Lakes region, and the Far West tend to vote? For which political party do those who live in New England, the Great Lakes region, and the Far West tend to vote? Democrats Democrats

Which party do voters living in the Great Plains, Rocky Mnt. Region tend to vote for? Which party do voters living in the Great Plains, Rocky Mnt. Region tend to vote for? Republican Republican

What is the strongest predictor of voting behavior (which party’s candidate a voter will choose)? What is the strongest predictor of voting behavior (which party’s candidate a voter will choose)? Party identification Party identification

With which party are Jews and females more identified? With which party are Jews and females more identified? Democrats Democrats

What religious group is strongly identified with Republicans? What religious group is strongly identified with Republicans? Protestants Protestants Evangelicals Evangelicals Fundamentalist Christians Fundamentalist Christians Southern Baptists Southern Baptists Mormons Mormons

For which party do males tend to vote? For which party do males tend to vote? Republican Republican

Those belonging to a lower socioeconomic class and “people of color” tend to vote for … Those belonging to a lower socioeconomic class and “people of color” tend to vote for … Democrats Democrats

Which is incorrect of independent voters? Which is incorrect of independent voters? Young Young College educated College educated Above average incomes Above average incomes Black Black

What East Coast (think Florida) Hispanic group tends to vote Republican? What East Coast (think Florida) Hispanic group tends to vote Republican? Cubans Cubans