1. Who votes How they vote Choosing a candidate Choosing a president Election regu- lations Yep, more election stuff Mis-cell- any 100 200 200 300 400 500 AP Government Jeopardy – Campaigns and Elections

2. Final Jeopardy! Question Campaigns and Elections Suffrage

3. The right to vote, a fundamental principle of democratic government Suffrage Who votes 100

4. Guarantees right to vote to all races Fifteenth Amendment (1870) Who votes 200

5. Extended the right to vote to women Nineteenth Amendment (1920) Who votes 300

6. Twenty-Sixth Amendment (1971) Lowered age requirement to vote to 18 in all states Who votes 400

7. Term used to describe the voters of a nation, state, city, or county collectively Electorate Who votes 500

8. Voting for candidates of different parties for different offices Split-ticket voting How they vote 100

9. Voting based on positions on specific policies Issue voters How they vote 200

10. Proposed law or state amendment referred by the state legislature to the people for a vote; only at the state level, and only in some states Referendum How they vote 300

11. Proposed state law or amendment brought by the citizens through a petition process; only at the state level, and only in some states Initiative How they vote 400

12. Special election initiated by a petition that allows citizens to remove an official before his/her term has expired; only in some states Recall election How they vote 500

13. Local party meetings to select delegates to state convention, which then selects delegates to party’s national convention Caucuses Choosing a candidate 100

14. Election in which voters choose which party’s primary ballot they wish to vote on Open primary Choosing a candidate 200

15. Election in which only voters registered in the party may vote in the party’s primary Closed primary Choosing a candidate 300

16. Election in which only one primary ballot is used and voters may choose from candidates of either party and split votes between them; ONLY used in Louisiana, Washington, and California Blanket primary Choosing a candidate 400

17. Democratic Party leaders who are able to cast votes at the national convention for the party’s presidential candidate Superdelegates Choosing a candidate 500

18. General election Election in which officeholders (not nominees) are selected; for federal offices, these are held the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November in even- numbered years Choosing a president 100

19. Swing states States without strong party alignment, that could vote either Democratic or Republican in the general election; candidates devote much of their time campaigning in these states Choosing a president 200

20. Electoral College 538 member body that elects the president and vice president; in most states, these individuals pledge to vote according to the results of the popular vote Choosing a president 300

21. Winner-take-all system All of a state’s electors voting as a block for the winner of the state’s popular vote; many believe this makes the electoral college non- reflective of the will of the electorate Choosing a president 400

22. Coattail effect When the popularity of the victorious presidential candidate helps his party’s candidates for Congress win as well Choosing a president 500

23. Motor Voter Law National Voter Registration Act of 1993 requires that states pass these laws allowing voters to register when they renew their driver’s licenses or apply for social services Election regulation 100

24. Federal Election Commission Independent regulatory agency founded in 1975 to enforce federal campaign finance laws and administer public financing of presidential campaigns Election regulation 200

25. Buckley v. Valeo (1976) Supreme Court ruled that Federal Election Campaign act campaign spending limits violated First Amendment guarantees of freedom of expression Election regulation 300

26. Soft money Money donated to a political party rather than a candidate to avoid limits imposed by campaign finance reform laws, a loophole closed by the Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act (2002) Election regulation 400

27. 527 Political Organizations Nonprofit organizations that engage in issue advocacy, not candidate advocacy – a fine line often blurred; not subject to campaign finance limitations Election regulation 500

28. Literacy test A reading test citizens were required to pass in order to vote; widely used in the South to discourage blacks and poor whites from voting Banned by the Voting Rights Act of 1965 Yep, more election stuff 100

29. Poll tax A tax levied on voters; widely used in the South to discourage blacks and poor whites from voting Banned by the 24 th Amendment (1964) Yep, more election stuff 200

30. Plurality election When the leading candidate receives the greatest number of votes, but not more than 50% (a true majority) Yep, more election stuff 300

31. Midterm election Federal election held in the middle of a president’s term of office; all House seats and 1/3 of Senate seats are elected; the President’s party generally loses seats in Congress Yep, more election stuff 400

32. House of Representatives Governmental body responsible for choosing the President when no candidate wins a majority of votes in the Electoral College Yep, more election stuff 500

33. Voter apathy A reason for low turnout in U.S. elections; generally defined as a lack of interest in politics, but may also result from a mistrust in government or lack of political efficacy; generally, younger people, racial and ethnic minorities, males, and lower income individuals have the greatest issues with this Mis-cell-any 100

34. Political Efficacy The belief that a person can influence politics and public policymaking Mis-cell-any 200

35. National convention Before the primary system, this meeting served the purpose of choosing the party’s nominee for president; in recent years, its fundamental purpose is the adoption of the party platform Mis-cell-any 300

36. Front-loading Choosing an early date to hold the primary election in a state Mis-cell-any 400

37. Party identification The most important single factor in determining how someone will vote in an election Mis-cell-any 500

38. Compare the extension of suffrage in the pre-Civil War period to the post- Civil War period FINAL JEOPARDY

39. Pre-Civil War extensions were aimed at eliminating barriers to universal white male suffrage, including property ownership and payment of taxes Post-Civil War extensions eliminated restrictions based on race (15 th Amendment), gender (19 th Amendment), and age (26 th Amendment) FINAL JEOPARDY