JUDAISM OVER THE CENTURIES

THE EXODUS FROM EGYPT HW 1. The Hebrews were made into slaves. Treatment was cruel and they were often beaten.. The wall painting from a 15 th century BC tomb shows this. 2. God gave Moses miraculous powers, including the ability to cause outbreaks of disease and destruction called plagues. Each time a plague happened, Pharaoh promised to let the Israelites go, but each time he changed his mind. Finally, according to the Torah, a plague came in which the first-born child of all the Egyptians died - even Pharaoh’s son. After this terrible plague, Pharaoh finally let the Israelites leave Egypt.miraculous Torah,

MONDAY OCTOBER 26 Judaism Worksheet 20 due tomorrow. Notebook Check Thursday. Do Now: What happened after the death of Solomon? Finish Worksheet 21Kings of Israel and Invaders Exodus and Persecution Judaism over the Centuries

4. LIST THE EVENTS THAT LED TO THE DIASPORA. 930 BC: Solomon died and revolts broke out over who should be king. Israel split into two kingdoms: Israel and Judah. 722 BC: The Assyrians defeated Israel and the kingdom fell apart. 586 BC: Chaldeans captured Jerusalem (Judah) and destroyed Solomon’s temple. They marched thousands of Jews to Babylon to work as slaves.(Babylonian Captivity) 530s BC: Persians conquered the Chaldeans, and allowed many Jews to return to Jerusalem. Some did not. This is known as Diaspora.

5. WHO WERE THE MACCABEES? A Jewish family who led a successful revolt in the 160s BC. The Jews then ruled their own kingdom for 100 years.

6. WHEN DID THE ROMANS CONQUER THE JEWS? WHY WAS LIFE DIFFICULT UNDER ROMAN RULE? The Romans conquered the Jews in 63 BC. Life was difficult because they placed heavy taxes on the Jews and they were brutal masters who had no respect for the Jewish religion or way of life. Some rulers tried to force the Jews to worship the Roman Emperor and even appointed the Jewish High Priest.

7. WHAT WAS LIFE LIKE FOR MOST ISRAELITE WOMEN? Israelite government and society were dominated by men. Men made most of the decisions. A woman’s husband was chosen by her father.

8. READ THE STORY OF RUTH AND NAOMI AND EXPLAIN HOW THEY SET AN EXAMPLE FOR OTHER ISRAELITES. Ruth’s devotion to Naomi served as an example for how to treat family members.

TUESDAY OCTOBER 27 Homework: Notebook Check due Thursday. Unit 2 Test Thursday/Friday. Do Now: Why was life difficult under Roman rule? Judaism Over the Centuries Review Jewish Beliefs and Text

BELIEF IN ONE GOD Jews believe in One God this is called monotheism. It is the oldest monotheistic religion still practiced today. The belief in One God set Judaism apart from other religions in the ancient world. Jews believed that God guided their history through His relationship with Abraham and Moses.

EDUCATION Teaching children the basics of Judaism is important in Jewish society. In ancient times, older boys, not girls, would study the religion with professional teachers. Education is still important to the religion today.

JUSTICE AND RIGHTEOUSNESS Justice means kindness and fairness in dealing with other people. Jews believe everyone deserves fairness, even strangers and criminals. Jews must give aid to the needy, including the poor, the sick, and orphans. Righteousness refers to doing what is proper. Jews are supposed to behave properly even if those around them are not.

OBSERVANCE OF RELIGIOUS AND MORAL LAW Jews believe God gave them laws to follow. The most important laws are the Ten Commandments. They believe God not only gave Moses the Ten Commandments but also a whole system of laws known as Mosaic law. Mosaic law guides many areas of everyday life. For example, Jews cannot work on holidays or the Sabbath. Orthodox Jews still follow Mosaic laws today. Reform Jews do not follow ancient laws and Conservative Jews fall in between these two groups.

THE TORAH The Torah is the most sacred text of Judaism. It consists of five books in which Jews recorded their laws. Today in synagogues, or Jewish house of worship, the Torah is read.

THE HEBREW BIBLE The Hebrew Bible is made up of three parts.  The Torah  Eight books the messages of Jewish prophets.  Eleven books of poetry, songs, stories, lessons, and history. The final part of the Hebrew Bible contains proverbs, or short expressions of Jewish wisdom. It also contains the Book of Psalms which are poems or songs that praise God.

COMMENTARIES Many Jewish laws are difficult to understand. Scholars write commentaries to explain the laws. They are found in the Talmud.

DEAD SEA SCROLLS 3. The Dead Sea Scrolls are writings by Jews who lived 2,000 years ago that explain Jewish beliefs. 4. These writings are important because they help historians learn about the lives of many Jews who lived long ago.

JEWISH TEACHINGS IN WESTERN SOCIETY A. Laws - The Ten Commandments for example. B. Rules of Behavior – People give to charities for example. C. Helped to shape Christianity and Islam.

1. SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF REVOLT Loss of many lives, particularly Jews Destruction of Jerusalem, Second Temple Roman enslavement of many surviving Jews End of Jewish power structure in Jerusalem Migration of many Jews throughout Roman Empire

1. LONG TERM EFFECTS OF JEWISH REVOLT Second unsuccessful revolt against Rome Ban of Jews from Jerusalem Dispersal of Jews throughout the world Changes in Judaism religion Discrimination against Jews

2. WHY DID THE JEWS REVOLT AGAINST THE ROMANS IN AD 66? The Jews were tired of foreign rule and wanted to recreate the kingdom of Israel. Zealots also believed the Jews should not answer to anyone but God.

3. WHY WAS THE ROMAN DESTRUCTION OF THE SECOND TEMPLE SO DEVASTATING TO THE JEWS? The temple was the center of Jewish religious life and the holiest Jewish site

4. HOW DID JUDAISM CHANGE AFTER THE LOSS OF THE SECOND TEMPLE? Local synagogues became more important in Jewish life, and leaders called rabbis began serving as religious teachers.

5. MAP SKILLS A. b. Alexandria c. north, west, and southwest d. Spain, France, Germany, Italy, Greece, Asia Minor, Syria, and Alexandria, Egypt

1. WHERE DID MOSES LEAD HIS PEOPLE? WHAT DID HE RECEIVE THERE? He led his people through the wilderness to Mount Sinai. There he received the Ten Commandments.

2. WHAT IS THE EXODUS? After Moses received the Ten Commandments the Hebrews wandered in the wilderness of the Sinai peninsula for forty years. Moses then led the Hebrews to Canaan.

3. WHAT DID KINGS DAVID AND SOLOMON DO AFTER THE DEATH OF MOSES? King David made Jerusalem the capital and Solomon built a Temple in the city. This was known as the Golden Age of the Hebrew civilization.

4. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE KINGDOM AFTER THE DEATH OF SOLOMON? The country broke into two kingdoms, Israel in the north and Judah in the south.

5. WHAT HAPPENED IN 63 BC? The Roman Empire took control of Judea and made Herod the king. He rebuilt the temple at Jerusalem.

6. WHEN WAS THE FIRST JEWISH REVOLT AGAINST THE ROMANS? HOW DID THE ROMANS RESPOND? The Jews revolted in 70 CE. The Romans responded by besieging Jerusalem. Herod’s temple was destroyed and thousands of people were killed.

7. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE JEWS WHEN THEY REVOLTED A SECOND TIME? The Jews revolted again in 132 CE. Thousands of Jews were killed and others were exiled to other countries. This was known as the Diaspora.

1. EXPLAIN, USING EVIDENCE FROM THE TEXT AND THE VIDEO, WHY DID THE JUDEANS REVOLT AGAINST ROME THE FIRST TIME? The Romans imposed heavy taxes on the Jews, they took over the appointment of the High Priest, Caligula insisted the Jews worship him as a God and when they refused he threatened to destroy the Temple. The Romans disrespected the Jewish religion

2. LOOKING AT JEWISH HISTORY FROM ABRAHAM TO THE ROMAN CONQUEST, WHAT PATTERNS DO YOU SEE? There are patterns of migration, enslavement, warfare/conquest, and commitment to religious belief in one God.

3. JEWS HAVE RETURNED TO JERUSALEM THROUGHOUT HISTORY. WHY DO YOU THINK THIS IS SO? Jerusalem is the most holy place in the world to the Jews.