Symbols to know: CO 2 = carbon dioxide O 2 = oxygen CH 4 = methane (natural gas) Glucose = sugar Koppen Climate Zones / Factors Carbon Cycle / Ocean Acidification Greenhouse Effect / Greenhouse Gases Albedo / Sea Ice & Land Ice (glaciers) Climate Change / Global Warming Effects & Evidence of Global Warming Paleoclimate / Ice Core Samples read ALL of Chap. 21

CARBON CYCLE AtomsMolecules Element CarbonCarbon Compounds diamond (C) graphite (C) ashes carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) sugar / glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) organic compounds (fats, protein, etc) hydrocarbons (long chains of carbon & hydrogen) fossil fuels (gas, oil, coal) are hydrocarbons Fun Facts about Carbon: (you don’t have to know this) DiamondsGraphite

CARBON CYCLE notes Atmosphere CO 2 gas (<1% of all gases), delicate balance Bill Nye, Cows & Methane video Biosphere Photosynthesis – plants (producers) take in CO 2, make sugar (food), & give off O 2 Respiration – living things (organisms) break down sugar (food) & give off CO 2 organic decay – fungi & bacteria (decomposers) break down living remains & give off CO 2 Geosphere Lithosphere - largest depository of carbon (in rocks), volcanoes release CO 2, deposition (into rock), weathering (into CO 2 gas), carbon sediments buried over long periods can become fossil fuels (coal, oil)  burning them releases CO 2 Hydrosphere carbonic acid forms when CO 2 of the atmosphere dissolves in water pH scale: low number = 1 (acidic), 7 (neutral, H 2 O), high number = 14 (basic) Ocean Acidification video

CARBON CYCLE

CARBON CYCLE ( review ) TermDefinitionrelation to the Carbon Cycle 1Energy 2Atmosphere 3Photosynthesis 4Respiration 5Decomposers 6Decay ( Rotting ) 7Fossil Fuels 8Deforestation 9Combustion 10Forest Fires

Ocean Acidification Yes, it dissolves coral reefs !

Sun’s energy passes through the windshield. Energy ( heat ) is trapped inside the car & cannot pass back through the windshield, causing the warm up. Greenhouse Effect Don’t write this, THINK about it ! You already know what it is: Should I leave my dog or baby in the car?

the Greenhouse Effect The natural warming of Earth’s surface & lower atmosphere due to trapped heat energy. What are the “other gases” that cause the greenhouse effect?

Greenhouse Gases: CO2 = carbon dioxide

THINK ABOUT IT Hint: Venus has a very thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) Why is Venus the hottest planet in the solar system even though Mercury is a lot closer to the Sun? Answer: the extra CO 2 causes the greenhouse effect to be stronger by trapping more heat Venus has an average surface temperature hot enough to melt lead!

ALBEDO ability of a surface to reflect light & heat energy back into the atmosphere & space LowMediumHigh anything darker / black anything middle spectrum / green or brown anything lighter color / white rooftops, blacktops, darker soils plants, treesice, snow, glaciers, clouds

Urban Heat Island Urban area that has a consistently higher temperature than the surrounding rural areas due to the trapping of heat by buildings, concrete, & asphalt.

Ways to reduce it: Tree cover / canopy Green rooftops / rooftop gardens “Rubberized” Asphalt Permeable paving materials

Permeable pavers reduce the Urban Heat Island effect.

Ice Core Data CO 2 Measurements Before Antarctica

Possible Aim/s: a. How does global warming work? b. What’s up with global warming? c. How does carbon dioxide emission affect global warming? Do Now: Write at least three questions about the diagram/picture.

GLOBAL WARMING is the increase of the Earth’s average surface temperature due to a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. CLIMATE CHANGE is a broader term that refers to long-term changes in climate, including average temperature and precipitation.

Clarifications: Compare Global Changes: Acid PrecipitationOzone DepletionGlobal Warming caused by Nitrogen & Sulfur Oxides C.F.C.’s (chlorofluorocarbons) CO 2, H 2 O, & Methane

Effects of Global Warming Increased Temperature Habitat Damage and Species Affected Changes in Water Supply Rising Sea Level

What’s the proof that global warming is taking place?

Portage Glacier Alaska

Colorado River Arizona June 2002Dec 2003

Burning of Fossil Fuels Pollution from coal, natural gas, and oil

Global Warming: Shifting Gears

What’s being done now to reduce our emissions? Solar PowerWind PowerFuel-Efficiency

What can you do to help solve the problem?

Simple Things To Do Turn off your computer or the TV when you’re not using it. Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy. Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or curtains. Turn off the lights when you leave a room. Use compact fluorescent bulbs.

Be Bulb Smart—Use CFLs Incandescent Compact Fluorescent 500 lbs. of coal What’s the difference? 1,430 lbs. CO 2 pollution avoided $30 saved

Simple Things To Do Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up the air conditioning. Or use a fan. Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning up the heat. Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on your AC and furnace clean. Walk short distances instead of asking for a ride in the car. Plant a tree. Recycle.

Phase 2- Activity a. Designing and Constructing The Temperature Reader b. Using the temperature reader in an experiment. c. Fill out the worksheet as you perform the experiment. Phase 3- Reflection, Feedback and Revision Use the rubric to evaluate the temperature reader and laboratory sheet. Then switch with other groups and let them do the same. Revise the temperature reader and lab worksheet as needed.